Andrew v. State Bank of New Hampton

Evans, C. J. *879 *878 I. The State Bank of New Hampton closed its doors on December 27, 1924. On December 5, 1924, Ward B. Hammond, as clerk of the district court of such county, de *879 posited to the credit of his account, as clerk, in the said State Bank, a check for $1,000, which . , , . ... . , „ „ ... „ he had received m payment of a fine; and for which an accounting would be due from him on . January 1st next following. The bank official receiving ■ the deposit was informed of the source of the check, and of the fact that the depositor held it only in his official capacity. The theory upon which the claim is pressed by the appellants is that Hammond held the cheek in trust only; that, the bank official knowing that fact when he received the same, the bank’itself became a trustee,' to the same extent that the. depositor was a trustee; ■ and that this is so whether the deposit was rightful or wrongful on the part of the depositor; that, if this be not so, the' deposit was wrongful because no authority is conferred by law upon the clerk to deposit the trust funds in his hands. . The argument in support of this theory is predicated largely upon somé of' our early decisions.- There was a time-in the early history of this state when the deposit" in a bank of a trust fund by a trustee was deemed a technical conversion and a breach of duty on the part of the trustee.- Lowry v. Polk County, 51 Iowa 50; Independent Dist. of Boyer v. King, 80 Iowa 497. But- this position was later abandoned, as wholly untenable. Hunt v. Hopley, 120 Iowa 695; Officer v. Officer & Pusey, 120 Iowa 389. In the cited eases we held that the depositing -of funds by a trustee in a reputable bank was an act of prudence, rather than of negligence. This holding was applied to á general deposit, as-distinguished from a special one,'provided that the deposit' was made in the name of the trustee, -as such. ' We -held' also-that such general deposit did not constitute the bank a trustee,' nor establish privity between the bank and the beneficiary-; but-that the trustee became a general depositor, and sustained the ■ same relation to the bank as any other stich depositor. Such has been the recognized law in this state since the decisions in the above cited cases. Hanson v. Roush, 139 Iowa 58; Brown v. Sheldon State Bank, 139 Iowa 83; Hansen v. Independent Sch. Dist., 155 Iowa 264; School Township of Eden v. Stevens, 158 Iowa 119; Incorporated Town of Conway v. Conway, 190 Iowa 563; In re Estate of Workman, 196 Iowa 1108;’ Leach v. Beazley, 201 Iowa 337. It must be held, therefore, that' the bank *880 did not receive the check as trustee for Chickasaw County. This of itself would sustain the ruling of the lower court. - II. . There is a further reason why the appellants may not prevail.. They contend. that -the cash in the bank • had never been reduced to a point below the- amount of the .deposit, and that the amount' of such cash in the bank.on the ., . . .. . ,. „ .day of its closing was slightly m excess ot $4,000. The contention is that they have, there-^race¿ their check into the cash resources of the bank- on the day of its closing.- But it is to be noted from the record that the deposit of the check - did not increase the cash resources of the bank on the day 'of. the deposit. . The check was passed by the bank into the clearing of the -day. The result of the day’s clearing left a balance in favor of the State Bank of $1,546, for which it received,- not cash, -but. a draft. This draft was sent'by the State Bank .to the Merchants’ National Bank of Cedar Rapids, its correspondent'bank, for which it received a credit in its account at that bank.. This credit was later wholly absorbed by the indebtedness- of the State Bank to. the Cedar Rapids bank. The receiver never received any remnant from said Cedar Rapids bank. . The appellants lay some stress at this point upon an alleged discrepancy in the evidence, in that, on-December 27, 1924, the books of the -Cedar Rapids bank for that day showed, in its current account, a credit balance .in favor of the- State -Bank for more than $2,000. This is not necessarily inconsistent -with the testimony of the examiner, that on that-day the. State. Bank had, in fact, an ••overdraft- of .more, than $1,500 at- the Cedar Rapids bank, ■ The,state.of the books at any .particular hour necessarily falls short-of showing the exact relation of-the parties. Bookkeeping follows the ■ event, and is necessarily a ■ few hours behind. Events of to-day may go upon the .books of- to-morrow. . Items -in transition will carry varying dates upon the -respective books.- • ■ The fact disclosed, by this record is that the State Bank had an overdraft, and not- a balance, ..at the Cedar -Rapids 'hank.' The result is that the $1,000 -check has been clearly 'traced .into the field-of dissipation.'■ ' . . :• .. : .‘ ■•..<■ Other points argued need not be considered. The reasons here indicated are conclusive on the result. *881 The judgment below is, accordingly, affirmed. — Affirmed. Stevens, Faville, Kindig, and Wagner, JJ., concur.