Wathen v. Commonwealth

Opinion op the Court by Judge Sampson Reversing. Upon an indictment accusing .appellant, Wathen, of the offense of unlawfully having in his possession an *587 illicit still designed for the manufacture of intoxicating liquor, he was convicted and his punishment fixed at a fine of $500.00 and confinement in the county jail for six months. He appeals. The evidence shows that two' federal prohibition officers were passing through the farm of appellant when they came upon an old abandoned residence, near a stream, and about three hundred (300) yards from the residence occupied by appellant, near which old residence they noticed some meal scattered on the ground and a small amount of substance resembling still slop flowing from under the floor. The house was locked and the windows covered so that they could not see into the building. Thereupon they broke into the house through a window and discovered therein parts of a moonshine still, some barrels of mash and other accessories commonly employed in the manufacture • of whiskey. At the trial the prohibition officers were introduced as witnesses for the Commonwealth and testified in substance to the facts above related, and that the house in which they found these things was on the premises of appellant and that there was a plainly beaten path from there to his residence. There was no objection to this evidence made by appellant or his counsel at the time it was given, but at the conclusion of the evidence for the Commonwealth he moved the court for a directed verdict in his favor. This motion was overruled. He then called two witnesses in his own behalf, and at the conclusion of all the evidence again moved the court for a directed verdict in his favor, adding: “Because all the evidence introduced was obtained without a search warrant.” No other objection or exception to this particular line of evidence appears, in the bill of evidence, but in the bill of exceptions the following appears.: “At the conclusion of the entire testimony the defendant moved the court, upon the testimony as a whole, to instruct the jury to find the defendant not guilty, which motion was overruled, to which the defendant excepted at the time and now excepts. The defendant further moved the court to instruct the jury not to consider any testimony introduced by the Commonwealth that was obtained by the breaking into house by the prohibition officers without a search warrant; said motion was overruled by the court, to which the defendant excepted at the time and now excepts.” *588 This motion was sufficient to raise the question of the admissibility and competency of the evidence of the prohibition officers who broke and entered the house to ■ search for the illicit still without a search warrant. A mere motion for a directed verdict goes only to the sufficiency of the evidence to warrant a submission of the case to the jury, and does not challenge the competency or relevancy of the evidence, or the competency of the witnesses to give such evidence. We so held in two recent cases of Scott v. Commonwealth, 206 Ky. 286; Mullins v. Commonwealth, 204 Ky. 445. The trial court should have sustained the motion of appellant made at the conclusion of all the evidence, to exclude from the consideration of the jury all the evidence given by the two prohibition officers concerning the finding of the illicit still-in the old residence after they had broken into the building in the manner shown by the testimony without a search warrant. In overruling the motion the trial court committed reversible error. The officers had no right to break and enter the house without a search warrant in the manner the evidence shows they did so, and evidence obtained in such unlawful manner should have been excluded upon motion of appellant seasonably made. Judgment reversed for new trial not inconsistent herewith.