Demunbrun v. Kentucky Nat. Park Commission

Opinion of the Court by Chief Justice Batliff Affirming. At the 1930 session of the G-eneral Assembly of Kentucky (Acts, 1930, Chap. 121), the Kentucky National Park Commission was created. It was authorized and vested with power, among other things, to contract with, and receive, acquire, take, preserve, hold, manage, *522 barter, sell and convey land, caves, cave rights, leasehold interest, money, and other property deemed necessary by it for use and purposes therein provided. See, Baldwin’s 1936 Edition, Kentucky Statutes, Section 3766e-l, et seq. In virtue of authority vested in the Kentucky National Park Commission (hereinafter called the Commission), it purchased several thousand acres of land in the Mammoth Cave region of Kentucky, including a parcel of land owned by appellant, the possession of which constitutes the subject matter, of this appeal. The deed from appellant to the Commission provides, inter alia, as follows: “It is understood and agreed between the parties hereto, as part of the consideration for this deed, the party of the first part shall have the sole and exclusive right to operate the store house and telephone and telephone exchange and outbuildings as now operated by him on the Mammoth Cave Estate until such time as the property shall be turned over to the National Government for park purposes. “Alpo, the party of the first part shall have the right to operate and live upon the land first herein-above described from year to year, at the pleasure of the party of the second part, until January 1, 1933, unless the property shall be turned over to the United States Government prior to that time. * * * ? ? Thereafter the Commission transferred by deed of conveyance to the United States Government all the lands it had acquired, including the land purchased of appellant, for the purposes of establishing a national park, and later demanded of appellant possession of the land he conveyed to it, and upon his refusal to surrender possession, in March, 1936, the Commission procured from the county judge of Edmonson county a writ of forcible detainer against appellant. Appellant, defendant in the writ, filed special demurrer to the writ insisting that the court had not jurisdiction of the action, which demurrer was sustained and a trial of the case resulted in a judgment finding for appellant. The commission traversed to the circuit court of Edmonson county where the action was tried de novo and resulted in a judgment of guilty of forcible detainer, and from that judgment appellant has prosecuted this appeal. , *523 Tbe original writ was obtained in tbe name of tbe Commission but later by amended petition it was alleged in substance that tbe Commission was acting for and in bebalf of tbe National Government, United States of America, and is prosecuting tbe action for and in bebalf of tbe National Government and for its use and benefit. Appellant insists that tbe Commission has no right to prosecute tbe action because it bad parted with title to tbe property and therefore tbe relation of landlord and tenant does not exist as between appellant and tbe commission. In brief of appellant it is said: “We do not doubt tbe legality or the propriety of tbe Kentucky National Park Commission to act as tbe agent of tbe United States of America, but in order to do so, we do insist that tbe proceedings should have been in tbe name of tbe person who bad tbe title to tbe property at tbe time, that is, tbe commencement of tbe action.” Various questions of practice and procedure are raised and discussed in brief of respective counsel, but tbe only question involved going to tbe real merits of tbe case is whether or not the Commission has tbe right to prosecute tbe action in bebalf of its grantee, United States Government, after it, tbe Commission, bad parted with title to tbe property, and upon this question alone appellant rests bis case. Tbe purpose of tbe act creating tbe Kentucky National Park Commission was for tbe purpose of enabling tbe Commonwealth of Kentucky to acquire lands and other properties mentioned in the act for tbe purpose of establishing a National Park and it is evident from tbe language of tbe statute and tbe deed from appellant to tbe Commission, that tbe property in question was purchased with tbe view and for tbe purpose of turning it over to tbe National Government for park purposes. Tbe paragraph of tbe deed we have quoted above makes it manifest that appellant was to have tbe use and possession of tbe property only until such a time tbe property shall be turned over to tbe National Government for tbe purpose intended. This provision of tbe deed alone is sufficient to make known to appellant tbe fact that tbe Commission was purchasing the property for tbe National Government for park purposes and it specifically provided that bis tenancy or right of possession *524 terminated when the property was conveyed to the National Government. In Lemaster v. Lemaster, 188 Ky. 829, 224 S. W. 466, the owner of the property conveyed it while it was in the possession of a tenant. The grantor demanded possession of the property which the tenant refused, whereupon the grantor instituted forcible detainer proceedings in his name, although he had parted with title to the property. It was argued that the court erred in overruling the motion to quash the writ because at the time it was issued plaintiff was not the owner of the property. In disposing of that question the court- said: “It was a part of the consideration for the conveyance to liis nephew that possession would be given him; therefore the defendant had to be dispossessed. The deed had not been recorded, nor had the purchaser been put in possession. Since the sale to the nephew was conditioned upon the delivery of possession, plaintiff was authorized to institute the proceeding. Furthermore, had title passed, he could, as agent, have taken the same course. In Hickman v. Fordyce, 179 Ky. 737 [739], 201 S. W. 307, a forcible detainer proceeding instituted by appellee was sustained, though at the time the contract of renting was entered into the property was owned by one Mills; the lease was in appellee ’s name. The right to maintain the action was upheld-upon two grounds, one being that a tenant cannot deny that the person from whom he rented, and who put him in possession of the premises, was not his landlord, with the right to the remedies to which landlords are entitled.” In Hickman v. Fordyce cited in the opinion supra,, it is further said [179 Ky. 737, 201 S. W. 308]: “The contract of renting was made between Fordyce and Hickman, and from the evidence of the parties to this suit and other witnesses who were present it would appear that Fordyce, at the time the contract was made, was the owner of the property, because the name of Mills, who, it seems to be now conceded, was, in fact, the owner, was not mentioned between the parties at that time. Therefore Fordyce had the right to maintain in his own name a writ of forcible detainer for two reasons: In the first place, the tenant cannot deny that the person *525 from whom be rented, and who put him in possession of the premises, was not his landlord, with the right to the remedies to which landlords are entitled ; and, in the second place, although Fordyce in renting this property was, in fact, acting as the agent of Mills, yet, as the contract was made by and with Fordyce in his own name, he could, prosecute the writ under section 21 of the Code, providing, in part, that ‘a person with whom or in whose name a contract is made for the benefit of another * * * may bring an action without joining with him the name of the person for whose benefit it is prosecuted,’ as this section is broad enough to include forcible entry and detainer proceedings. The writ could also have been prosecuted in the name of Mills the real owner of the rented premises.” While it is true that the particular facts in the present ease, and in the cases supra, are not precisely the same, yet those cases enunciate the general and fundamental principle (a) that, a tenant cannot deny that the person from whom he rented is his landlord with all the rights and remedies to which landlords are entitled; and, (b) when the lessor acts as the agent of another and makes a rental contract in his name, the lessor has the right, under Section 21 of our Code of Civil Practice, to prosecute a forcible detainer action in his, lessor’s, name, without joining with him the names of the real owner or persons for whose benefit the action is prosecuted. In the case at bar it appears that from the deed of conveyance it was expressly understood between the parties that the Commission was purchasing the land as agent of the National Government and when the land was turned over to the National Government, appellant’s right to possession and further use of the land automatically ended. This right to remain on the property was in the nature of a rental or lease contract, and appellant became the lessee of the Commission, or conversely stated, the Commission is appellant’s landlord, and, as stated in the Hickman-Fordyce case, supra, appellant cannot now deny the rights of his landlord to prosecute this action for possession of the property. Judgment affirmed.