People v. Backhaut

Boyles, J. This is an appeal in the nature of certiorari from denial of appellant’s petition in the recorder’s court of Detroit in Wayne county seeking his release from the Ionia State Hospital by the writ of habeas corpus. By appropriate proceedings in Wayne county probate court in February, 1943, Milton Backhaut was adjudicated to be an insane person and admitted to the Wayne county hospital at Eloise as an insane person. No question is raised as to the legality of those proceedings. Appellant, having shown signs of improvement after about six months in said hospital, was placed on parole, and permitted to take week-end leaves with his parents. On December 25, 1943, while on such a leave he was apprehended and charged with the felony of breaking and entering a dwelling house in the nighttime, in • Detroit. He first pleaded guilty to this charge, which plea was later set aside on motion and a petition was filed in recorder’s court of Detroit by the prosecuting attorney to determine his sanity, under the provisions of 3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 17241, as amended by Act No. 317, Pub. Acts 1931 (Comp. Laws Supp. 1940, §17241, Stat. Ann. §28.-967). Judge Maher of the recorder’s court appointed a sanity commission of three doctors under *710 the provisions of said act and after the report of this commission was filed and a hearing held the court entered an order finding that Backhaut was insane, not a proper person to be tried at that time on said charge, and that he would be unable to undertake'his defense if put to trial. Thereupon the court committed him to the Ionia State Hospital until cured or otherwise discharged, to be remanded to Wayne county for resumption of the criminal proceedings if restored to sanity. Detention in Ionia State Hospital followed. In November, 1944, the mother of said Milton Backhaut filed a petition in the recorder’s court of Detroit for the writ of habeas corpus to inquire into the legality of his detention, alleging in effect that because he had been previously adjudged insane by the probate court for Wayne county Backhaut could not be charged with the crime of breaking and entering, and challenging the jurisdiction of the recorder’s court and the validity of its order committing him to the Ionia State Hospital. The court issued the writ, and after hearing dismissed the same. Backhaut appeals.from the order dismissing the writ, and raises the same questions- here, for reversal. It is agreed that Milton Backhaut is an insane person, that the proceedings in probate court for his admission to the Wayne county hospital at Eloise were regular and withih the jurisdiction of that court, that the recorder’s court had jurisdiction to hear and determine the proceedings for the writ of habeas corpus, that-Backhaut was in the legal (although not actual) custody of the superintendent of the Wayne county hospital when he was apprehended in Detroit charged with a felony, that the constitutionality of 3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 17241, as *711 amended by Act No. 317, Pub. Acts 1931 (Comp. Laws Supp. 1940, §17241, Stat. Ann. §28.967), is not questioned, that tbe recorder’s court for Detroit has jurisdiction to commit a defendant in a criminal case to the Ionia State Hospital' provided such person is not already under commitment by virtue of a probate court order, and that Backhaut is either to be returned to the Wayne county hospital or his detention in the Ionia State Hospital continued, depending on the conclusions reached by this eourt. Appellant was committed to the Ionia State Hospital by the recorder’s court by authority of the provisions of Act No. 175, chap. 7, §27, Pub. Acts 1927 (the code of criminal procedure) (3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 17241, as amended by Act No. 317, Pub. Acts 1931 [Comp. Laws Supp. 1940, § 17241, Stat. Ann. §28.967]). While this act became effective subsequent to the act conferring jurisdiction over insane persons upon the probate courts-(Act No. 151, Pub. Acts 1923, as amended [2 Comp. Laws 1929, §6878 et seq. (Comp. Laws Supp. 1940,1943, § 6878 et seq., Stat. Ann. and Stat. Ann. 1944 Cum. Supp. § 14.801 et seq.)]), we do not consider that the two acts are necessarily antagonistic. The provisions of the earlier act were not repealed by implication as claimed by appellant. The probate court still has jurisdiction to admit insane persons to State hospitals, and courts of criminal jurisdiction have jurisdiction over criminal insane who are charged with crime within the jurisdiction of such courts. “Sanity proceeding provided by statute in case one accused of a felony appears to be insane is an inquiry in the nature of an inquest to safeguard rights of an accused mentally incapable of advising with counsel and conducting his defense, not a trial placing defendant in jeopardy but a collateral in *712 quiry to preserve him from the jeopardy of a trial while insane (3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 17241, as amended by Act No. 317, Pub. Acts 1931). ‘‘ Since the ascertainment of the fact of sanity or insanity of an accused at any stage of a criminal proceeding is purely a matter of legislative regulation, enactment placing venue of such an inquiry in the very court in which the accused awaits trial was properly made a part of the criminal procedure where it may be invoked either by the prosecution or defense (3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 17241, as amended by Act No. 317, Pub. Acts 1931).” People v. Janek (syllabi), 287 Mich. 563. In the recent case of In re Tworek, 311 Mich. 59, the petitioner sought release in habeas corpus proceedings claiming that his subsequent petition filed in probate court to have him adjudged insane had ousted the recorder’s court of Detroit from jurisdiction to determine his sanity while a felony charge was pending against him in that court, and after a commission had been appointed in the recorder’s court to examine into the question of his sanity. We held that the recorder’s court had jurisdiction to enter afi order committing Tworek to the Ionia State Hospital. As to the petitioner’s claim in that case, the court said (p. 62): “But, as above noted, the claim of petitioner herein is that the recorder’s court was without jurisdiction. In part this claim is bottomed on the contention that the sole jurisdiction in the insanity proceedings was in the Wayne county probate court. We cannot so hold.” The conclusions reached by the court in the Tworek Case, supra, are correctly stated in the headnotes as follows: “In prosecution for felonious assault in recorder’s court of Detroit, that court had jurisdiction to commit defendant as an insane person where pro *713 ceedings to such end were instituted while the prosecution was pending by his then attorney prior to filing of wife’s petition in probate court to have a determination made as to his sanity (3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 17241, as amended by Act No. 317, Pub. Acts 1931). “The filing of a petition in the probate court of Wayne county to have an individual declared insane would not oust recorder’s court of jurisdiction to make such determination on petition theretofore filed in criminal prosecution of such person (3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 17241, as amended by Act No. 317, Pub. Acts 1931).” In the case at bar the previous finding of insanity and the order of the probate court admitting this patient to the Wayne county hospital at Eloise did not prevent the recorder’s court from having jurisdiction to commit Backhaut to the Ionia State Hospital as a criminal insane. The probate court does not have jurisdiction over the commitment of a criminal insane person to a State hospital, to the exclusion of the court of criminal jurisdiction wherein the charge of crime is pending. The jurisdiction conferred on probate courts over insane, feeble-minded, epileptic and mentally diseased persons by Act No. 151, Pub. Acts 1923, as amended (see 2 Comp. Laws 1929, § 6878 et seq. [Comp. Laws Supp. 1940, 1943, § 6878 et seq., Stat. Ann. and Stat. Ann. 1944 Cum. Supp. § 14.801 et seq.]), does not place in the probate courts the power to commit a criminal insane to the Ionia State Hospital; nor does Act No. 175, Pub. Acts 1927, as amended (see 3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 17116 et seq. [Comp. Laws Supp. 1940, 1943, § 17121 et seq., Stat. Ann. and Stat. Ann. 1944 Cum. Supp. §28.841 et seq.]) (code of criminal procedure), confer upon courts of criminal jurisdiction any power to commit a criminal insane person to any State hospital except the Ionia *714 State Hospital. The power conferred on courts of criminal jurisdiction to commit a criminal insane charged with crime is exclusive, except under the conditions referred to in section 55 of Act No. 151, Pub. Acts 1923, as amended (2 Comp. Laws 1929, § 6931 [Stat. Ann. § 14.853]), and sections 58-61, inclusive, of said Act No. 151, Pub. Acts 1923, as amended (2 Comp. Laws 1929, §§ 693A-6937, as amended by Act No. 104, Pub. Acts 1937 [Comp. Laws Supp. 1940, §§6934-6937, Stat. Ann. and Stat. Ann. 1944 Cum. Supp. §§ 14.856-14.859]). These exceptions do not apply to the case at bar. We do not overlook the fact that this petition for the writ of habeas corpus was filed in Wayne county, instead of in Ionia county where the person was detained (see 3 Comp. Laws 1929, §15208 [Stat. Ann. § 27.2252]; 3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 17241, as amended by Act No. 317, Pub. Acts 1931 [Comp. Laws Supp. 1940, § 17241, Stat. Ann. § 28.967]); nor need we consider whether petitioner’s remedy should have been by appeal’from the order of the recorder’s court committing appellant to the Ionia State Hospital. See In re Roberts, 310 Mich. 372. These questions have not been raised. The importance of the question raised, as to the jurisdiction of the courts, merits decision. The order dismissing the writ is affirmed, without costs. Starr, C. J., and North, Carr, Butzel, Bushnell, Sharpe, and Reid, JJ., concurred.