In Re Milner's Estate

This is an appeal from an order of the circuit court in a certified will contest proceeding admitting a will to probate as altered by a settlement proceeding. Testator, Earle R. Milner, died June 23, 1947. Surviving him are a daughter by his first marriage, two children by his second marriage, his widow by a third marriage, one adult daughter and four minor children by the third marriage. On June 26, 1947, Herman J. Daldin filed in the probate court of Wayne county, Michigan, his petition for probate of an alleged last will and testament of deceased, dated November 1, 1946. On July 9, 1947, the Detroit Trust Company filed a supplemental petition for the probate of said will. Hearing on this petition was set for October 2, 1947, but was continued from time to time to December 2, 1947. On November 26, 1947, objections to the admission of the will were filed by the daughter of deceased's first marriage and on December 2, 1947, objections were also filed by the widow of deceased, individually and as guardian of her minor children and by the adult daughter of the third marriage. On December 5, 1947, the will contests were certified to the circuit court. On April 6, 1948, the Salvation Army, a Michigan corporation, filed in the probate court its petition alleging that in 1947 Milner executed a valid will in which he expressly revoked all prior wills and devised and bequeathed a large part of his property to the Salvation Army and asking that certain persons be ordered to appear before the court for examination concerning the alleged will. *Page 272 On April 13, 1948, the Detroit Trust Company, as plaintiff, filed in the Wayne circuit court, in chancery, its bill of complaint under the so-called Dodge act (Act No. 288, chap. 2, §§ 45-49, Pub. Acts 1939* [Comp. Laws Supp. 1940, §§ 16289-2 (45)-16289-2 (49), Stat. Ann. 1943 Rev. §§ 27.3178 (115)-27.3178 (118)]) against the various adult heirs, guardians of the minor heirs, and others entitled to claim under the 1946 will, as defendants, for approval of a settlement agreement. A guardianad litem was appointed to represent unascertained persons who might be beneficiaries of portions of the trust income under the 1946 will. On August 27, 1948, the circuit court, in chancery, entered its decree approving of the agreement. Among other things the agreement provided that the November 1, 1946 will be admitted to probate in the probate court as Milner's last will and testament and his estate be administered, managed and disposed of in accordance with the terms of said will as modified, altered or amended by the agreement and subject to all the terms thereof; and that a certified copy of the agreement be attached to and made a part of said will. Immediately after entry of the decree approving the agreement, the trial court, sitting as a judge in the will contest proceeding, heard the testimony of one witness to the 1946 will as to its execution and then announced judgment admitting the will to probate, the same to be certified to the probate court as Milner's last will and testament. On September 3, 1948, the Salvation Army filed in the probate court its petition for probate of an alleged lost, destroyed or suppressed last will and testament of Milner, dated on or about April 8, 1947. The petition alleges that the 1947 will expressly revoked all former wills. On the same date the Salvation *Page 273 Army also filed its special appearance in the circuit court will contest proceeding to stay entry of judgment admitting the 1946 will to probate, to stay certification to the probate court and asked the court to enter an order certifying that the will contest had been abandoned and rendered moot. On the same date the Salvation Army also filed in the probate court a notice of its objection to administering the estate under any order in the will contest cause and notice of its pending petition to probate the 1947 will which revoked the 1946 will. The Salvation Army's motion filed in the circuit court on September 3, 1948, was heard September 21, 1948. The following is contained in the order denying the motion: "1. That this court had jurisdiction to enter the judgment by this court herein on August 27, 1948, since said cause had not been rendered moot or abandoned by virtue of the execution of said will contest settlement agreement, or by the confirmation and approval thereof by this court in chancery Cause No. 430,654, and that there existed a good-faith will contest, and further that this cause was properly before this court, having been duly certified to this court as a will contest in accordance with the rules and practice of this court and the statutes of the State of Michigan in such case made and provided; "2. That the judgment of this court in this cause was in fact entered on August 27, 1948; "3. That the will contests certified to this court in this cause were not abandoned nor rendered moot by virtue of the execution of said will contest settlement agreement or by the confirmation thereof by this court in chancery Cause No. 430,654, or by any other means; "4. That the last will and testament of said deceased, dated November 1, 1946, as modified by said will contest settlement agreement, was duly and properly admitted to probate upon the proof of one *Page 274 witness, in accordance with the statutes of the State of Michigan in such case made and provided." Following the entry of the above order, the Salvation Army filed a petition in the Supreme Court asking for leave to appeal from said order. We granted leave to appeal. The Salvation Army urges that the will settlement agreement and decree rendered the will contest moot and abandoned. Of first importance is the consideration of the claim made by the appellees that the Salvation Army is not a proper party entitled to appeal from or stay or modify the judgment of the circuit court admitting the 1946 will to probate for the reason that the Salvation Army is not a party litigant. It should be noted that while the Supreme Court granted the Salvation Army leave to appeal from the order of the circuit court, this fact, in itself, is not a recognition of the right of the Salvation Army to make an application for leave to appeal. We also have in mind that a probate proceeding to admit a will to probate is one in rem and not a proceeding inter partes. If the proceeding was one in personam the Salvation Army would be without authority to appeal, but the Salvation Army urges that because the proceeding is in rem a different rule should govern. It is axiomatic that probate courts, being courts of limited statutory jurisdiction, proceedings taken therein must be in strict compliance with the terms of the statute. In re Estateof Meredith, 275 Mich. 278 (104 A.L.R. 348). Section 24 of chapter 2 of Michigan probate code** (Act No. 288, Pub. Acts 1939 [Stat. Ann. 1943 Rev. § 27.3178(94)]), provides for the procedure for parties to register objections to the admission of a will to probate. In the case at bar, the Salvation Army made no attempt to follow the procedure set out in *Page 275 the above statute. A case similar on the facts may be found inEstate of Thomas, 74 Cal.App.2d 389 (168 Pac. [2d] 773). In that case there was an appeal from an order admitting a will to probate. The appealing parties appeared at the hearing for probate and cross-examined the witnesses as friends of the court, but had not filed written objections to the admission of the will as required by section 370 of the California probate code, which is similar to section 24, chapter 2, of the Michigan probate code, nor had they entered their appearance in the proceeding. From an order admitting the will to probate they attempted to appeal. The district court of appeal, in denying them the right to appeal said: "They are not entitled to appeal (1) because they are not parties (Braun v. Brown, 13 Cal. [2d] 130, 133 [87 P.2d 1009] and (2) because they are not parties to the record. (Allen v. Pugh, 206 Ala. 10 [89 So. 470]; Bowe v.Pierson, 206 Ala. 250 [89 So. 711]; Elliott v. SuperiorCourt, 144 Cal. 501, 508 [77 P. 1109, 103 Am. St. Rep. 102]). Although they are bound by the order which resulted from a proceeding in rem, they are not parties litigant (Estate ofAllen, 176 Cal. 632 [169 P. 364]; Estate of Bloom, 213 Cal. 575,580 [2 P.2d 753]; Estate of Stone [Cal.App.],133 Pac. [2d] 483) and cannot appeal merely because they appeared at the hearing and inquired as friends of the court. Since appellants have only such rights as are conferred by statute (Estate of Baker, 170 Cal. 578 [150 P. 989]; Estate ofAnthony, 127 Cal.App. 186 [15 P.2d 531]; Estate ofWhiting, 110 Cal.App. 399 [294 P. 502]), and since no statute authorizes them to appeal, they have no right to do so." See, also, Allen v. Pugh, 206 Ala. 10 (89 So. 470). In our opinion the Salvation Army having failed to file objections to the admission of the 1946 will to *Page 276 probate and having failed to enter its appearance in the proceeding in the circuit court is not a party litigant and is without right to contest the judgment rendered in the circuit court and then appeal. Its appeal is dismissed, with costs to appellees. BOYLES, DETHMERS, and CARR, JJ., concurred with SHARPE, C.J. * 4 Comp. Laws 1948, §§ 702.45-702.48. — REPORTER. ** 4 Comp. Laws 1948, § 702.24. — REPORTER.