Arnold v. . Angell

Church, Ch. J. It is difficult to sustain this judgment upon legal principles. The recovery was upon an entirely different cause of action from that set forth in the complaint. The complaint alleged that, on the 25th of April, 1870, the plaintiffs and defendant entered into a copartnership for the purpose of carrying on the business of a Turkish bath establishment in the city of Hew York, and subsequently agreed that the copartnership should continue five years; that the business was to be carried on in the name of the defendant; that the plaintiffs should make advances of money for the purpose of the business, upon which interest should be allowed; and the defendant should receive three-quarters, and the plaintiffs one-quarter of the net profits. It then alleges that between the 9th day of May and 27th of October, 1870, the plaintiffs “ contributed to said copartnership ” the sum of $16,500. It then charges that the defendant had applied to his own use a much larger proportion of the receipts and profits of the business than he was entitled to ; that he concealed from the' plaintiffs the receipts and profits, and refused to give account thereof, or to give the plaintiffs access to the books; and excluded plaintiffs from the management of the business, and refused to pay debts, etc.; and prays for a judgment dissolving the copartnership, and for a receiver to wind up the affairs of the concern. The answer was a general denial. The court found that the plaintiffs *511 advanced the sum of $16,500 at different times between January and November, 1870, but that such advances were made to the defendant, who was the proprietor of the Turkish bath establishment; that $9,000 of said sum, and interest, was secured by bonds of the defendant executed to S. L. M. Barlow, and assigned to the plaintiffs, which were secured by a mortgage on the bath establishment, and that the balance of said sum and interest was secured by the notes and memorandum checks of the defendant. The court also found that when $4,000 of said sum had been advanced, it was agreed between the parties that the plaintiffs sliould advance, in all, $12,000, and receive, besides the interest, one-quarter of the profits of the business; and subsequently it was agreed that the plaintiffs should receive, besides the interest on the bonds and notes, one quarter of the profits for five years on all advances, and the advances, in all, amounted to $16,500. The court also found, as a conclusion of law, that a partnership was not established, but that plaintiffs had a. joint interest in the profits with the defendant, and were entitled to recover in this action one-fourth part of the profits, and ordered a reference to ascertain the same. The transaction either constituted the parties copartners, or the money advanced was a loan. There is no middle position. The court found substantially that it was a loan, and ordered a recovery for the stipulated profits agreed to be paid for the use of the money exceeding seven per cent, secured to be paid by the bonds and notes. It would have been equally lawful to have recovered for the principal and seven per cent interest as for the additional sum. The issues made by the pleadings were, whether a partnership existed, and whether the defendant expressly or impliedly violated the terms of it so as to entitle the plaintiffs to a dissolution, and distribution of the assets. When the issue of partnership was decided against the plaintiffs, as it was, and we must assume correctly, the action was at an end, and the defendant was entitled to judgment. The relief must be consistent with the case made by the *512 complaint, and embraced within the issue. (Code, § 275.) A claim upon the notes or bonds, or the interest or profits, for the use of the money, was not the case made by the complaint, and there was no issue upon such claim. It is suggested by the learned judge who delivered the opinion at the General Term, that the allegations of partnership might be rejected as surplusage. This would obliterate the complaint. Every allegation is based upon an alleged partnership. Eor has the defendant waived the point by not objecting to the evidence, for the reason that the evidence was competent upon the issue made by the pleadings. (38 N. Y., 201; 54 id., 577.) Again, regarding the transaction as a loan, the agreement found by the court to pay seven per cent and one-quarter of the profits constituted usury, and this would apply to a portion, at least, of the amount (50 N. Y., 437; 43 id., 195) ; and the recovery was allowed for the usury. It is said that usury was not pleaded. The defendant had no opportunity to plead it. An answer setting up usury would have been improper in the action brought. It would have constituted no defence to that action. If the action was to be tried upon the evidence, in disregard of the pleadings, the defendant should have had the benefit of any defence which the evidence disclosed. It would be manifestly unjust to permit a plaintiff to secure the benefit of a new cause of action not embraced in the pleadings, and refuse a defendant the corresponding benefit of a defence not thus disclosed. The most liberal construction of the Code conld never justify such a result. The judgment must be reversed, and a new trial granted, costs to abide the event. All concur. Judgment reversed, and new trial ordered.