People Ex Rel. Newton v. . Twombly

Cardozo, J.: In September, 1912, the relator, then known as Frank Irwin, was convicted of burglary, and confined in Sing Sing Prison under an indeterminate sentence,'of which the maximum was five years. From Sing Sing he was transferred to Great Meadow Prison, anil then, in March, 1914, after serving about a year and a half of his term, was released upon parole. He was permitted to go outside of the “ prison walls and inclosure ” (Prison Law, sec. 214; Consol. Laws, chap. 43), but he remained while on parole u in the legal custody and under the control” of the warden of the prison (§ 214). It was a condition of the parole that if there was reasonable cause to believe that he had lapsed or was about to lapse into criminal ways or company, he might be retaken and confined (Prison Law, § 215). Hardly was the relator at large before he violated his parole, and committed burglary again. On May 29, 1914, under the name of Harvey A. Yewton, he was convicted of the second offense, and sentenced to confinement in Sing Sing for the term of four years. He had been there about ten days when the discovery was made that Yewton was Irwin. Thereupon, a warrant was issued that he be arrested for breach of his parole; and oil June 19, 1914, the board declared him delinquent. After this declaration, the law required that he be “ imprisoned in said prison for a period equal to the unexpired maximum term of sentence of such prisoner, at the time such delinquency is declared, unless sooner released on parole or absolutely discharged by the board of parole of state prisons (Prison Law [Cons. Laws, ch. 43], § 217). In obedience to *222 this requirement, he was returned from Sing Sing to Great Meadow Prison, where he appeared before the board, and from Great Meadow he was transferred on August 1, 1914, to Dannemora (Prison Law, § 149), where he remained till released, in habeas corpus proceedings, in March, 1919. The ground of his release was that the sentences under the two convictions were to be served concurrently, and not consecutively, and that both had, therefore, expired. The statute, as we read it, declares a different rule. Section 2190 of the Penal Law provides: “ Where a person, under sentence for a felony, afterwards commits any other felony, and is thereof convicted and sentenced to another term of imprisonment, the latter term shall not begin until the expiration of all the terms of imprisonment, to which he is already sentenced.” Under this statute, the declaration of delinquency, when followed by the return of the prisoner, postponed the execution of the second sentence until the execution of the first had been completed. It is not the mandate of the board of parole which suspends the one term, and renews the other. It is the mandate of the statute, establishing the order of succession in which sentences shall be served. The succession would not be doubtful if delinquency had been declared before imprisonment under the second judgment began. We think it is not changed because the relator had served from two to three weeks of his second term before his identity was known, and the declaration of delinquency announced. A prisoner who had escaped could not avoid the effect of section 2190 of the Penal Law and make his sentences concurrent by serving a few weeks of the later sentence before revealing his identity. A prisoner who has broken his parole is in the same plight for most purposes as one who has escaped (Drinkall v. Spiegel, 68 Conn. 441). “ He that is in the stocks, or under lawful arrest, is said to be in prison, although he be not infra pañetes carcerisj and therefore this branch [.the statute against prison breaking] extendeth- as well to a prison in law, -as to a prison in deed ” *223 (Coke’s Institutes, p. 589, quoted in Drinkall v. Spiegel, supra, p. 449). When the relator was declared delinquent, there were thenceforth two sentences of imprisonment in force. The law says that they must be served consecutively, and prescribed the choice between them. The relator was properly returned to Great Meadow to complete the term of his first sentence. His second term had not expired at the time of his discharge, and it has not expired yet. The order should be reversed, the writ dismissed, and the relator remanded to the custody of the warden of the prison. Hiscock, Ch. J., Chase, Collih, Pouhd, Crake and Ax-brews, JJ., concur. Order reversed, etc.