Matter of Roberts

Willard Bartlett, Ch. J. From 1899 to 1904 one Riley Parsons, the husband of Abby A. Parsons, and John E. Roberts were copartners at Old Forge in Herkimer county where they carried on the business of boat building under the firm name of Parsons & Roberts. In February, 1903, the father of John E. Roberts loaned the firm $1,200, having previously advanced $300 to the copartnership, making a total loan of $1,500, all of which was actually used in the building and equipment of the firm’s boat shop and in payment for machinery used in the business. The firm thereupon executed to the lender on February 18, 1903, a promissory note for $1,500, payable six months after date. In September, 1904, Riley Parsons, one of the partners, died and his widow, Abby A. Parsons, took his place as a partner in the firm, succeeding to the share and interest of her husband therein. On February 18, 1906, the following note was substituted in place of the original: “$1,500 Old Forge, New York, Feb. 18, 1906. “ Three months after date we promise to pay to the order of John R. Roberts, Fifteen Hundred and no/100 Dollars, at-, for value received with interest. “ [Signed] J. EATON ROBERTS. “ABBY A. PARSONS.” This note is the basis of the claim in controversy. The payee, John R. Roberts, is the father of J. Eaton Roberts, one of the makers. *373 Abby A. Parsons died intestate on May 30th, 1908, leaving personal property not exceeding one hundred dollars in value and two parcels of real estate, situated in the town of Webb, in Herkimer county. Her partner, J. Eaton Eoberts, the other maker of the note, is also dead; and John E. Eoberts, his father and the payee of the note, instituted this proceeding before the surrogate of Herkimer county upon a petition setting out the execution and delivery of the note and the death of the makers, and alleging .that the personal estate of Abby A. Parsons was inadequate to pay the indebtedness represented by the note. He, therefore, prayed for a decree directing the sale of so much' of the decedent’s real property as might be necessary for the payment of her debts and funeral expenses, according to the practice then provided for in title 5 of chapter 18 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Sections 2749 to 2801a, inclusive). The procedure in Surrogates’ Courts has been extensively changed by the revision of that portion of the Code relating thereto in 1914; but there is no amendment affecting the present proceeding, which must be determined according to the provisions of the statute as they existed prior to the first day of September, 1914, when the revision of that year took effect. Eay B. Parsons, a son and heir at law of the decedent, and also administrator of her estate, appeared in behalf of himself and three other children and heirs at law, and interposed a defense, the substance of which was that inasmuch as the note was given wholly in the partnership business, and the proceeds thereof wholly, used therein, and inasmuch as there were sufficient assets of the copartnership to satisfy the petitioner’s claim upon the note, he should exhaust his remedies against the firm property before being permitted to resort to the real estate of the decedent for the payment of his debt. It appeared that the claim upon the note had been duly and seasonably rejected by the administrator, who insisted *374 that his rejection deprived the surrogate of jurisdiction to entertain this proceeding until the claimant’s standing as a creditor had been elsewhere established. In the memorandum filed by the surrogate this last objection is first considered. The surrogate says it would seem the rule should he that a claim, on contract like this ought to be established by a trial but that the authorities appeared to sustain the proposition that it could he established in the first instance before the surrogate in a statutory proceeding to sell the real estate of the decedent. He, therefore, reluctantly followed the precedents to this effect. As to the equities which might exist between the decedent’s estate and the estate of her partner, . he said he was unable to find evidence upon which those equities could be enforced against the claimant. He, therefore, allowed the claim and made the decree of sale which has been affirmed by the Appellate Division. The Appellate Division wrote no opinion, but undertook to state the proposition of law upon which it acted in the body of the order of affirmance, from which I quote: “ Held: That assuming appellants to have an equitable right to require the joint property of the makers of the claimant’s note to be first applied toward the payment of the joint debt of the makers of the note before resort is had to the individual property of the joint makers, still such relief can only he had in a court having equitable jurisdiction.. This the surrogate did not have. Appellant’s remedy, if any, is by an equitable action.” ■ The learned surrogate was clearly right in holding that he had jurisdiction notwithstanding the fact that the claim had been absolutely rejected by the administrator. (Matter of Haxtun, 102 N. Y. 157.) On the other hand, it is clear that the defénse was one which the heirs were entitled,to set up. The Code of Civil Procedure provided (former section. 2755) that an heir or devisee might interpose any defense,to the whole or any part of a debt due or unpaid- represented as existing against the dece *375 dent. This permitted the interposition of an equitable as well as a legal defense. The findings made by the surrogate at the request of the appellant show the note in question was a partnership note given to secure the repayment of money loaned to the partnership and used in the partnership business. The appellant, therefore, invoked the application of the rule that payment cannot be compelled out of the individual estate of one partner until it is made to appear that the debt cannot be collected out of the joint property or that the estate of the other partner is insolvent. “ The fundamental principle upon which the partnership relation is founded is that of a joint adventure, with joint ownership of assets and only joint liability for debts, unless the property held jointly is insufficient to pay the firm debts, or it appears that there can be no effective remedy without resort to. individual property.” (Seligman v. Friedlander, 199 N. Y. 373, 376, and cases there cited.) After thus stating the rule, Judge Vann added that for time out of mind it had been the theory of the law that the joint liabilities should be paid from the joint property, if possible, and not until that remedy was exhausted, or resort thereto shown to be useless, could payment from the individual property be exacted. Accordingly, if the administratrix had proved that there remained property of the firm of Parsons & Roberts applicable to the payment of the copartnership debts, including this note in controversy, it would have been the duty of the surrogate to dismiss the present proceeding, or stay the same until the determination of an action to compel payment of the note out of such firm assets. (See Matter of Randall, 152 N. Y. 508, 520.) The proof, however, negatived the existence of any firm assets and so do the findings of the surrogate. As has already been pointed out, Abby A. Parsons died before John E. Roberts. After her death John E. Roberts, the surviving partner, continued in the occupation and *376 management of the boat-shop business and property down to the time of his death, which occurred on June 25th, 1910. There was no formal partnership accounting or settlement of the affairs of the firm, hut after the death of Mrs. Parsons writings were executed hy her heirs at law and next of .kin and delivered to John E. Roberts, the surviving partner, purporting to convey to him their right and interest in and to the partnership property, whereby he on the other hand assumed and agreed to pay the debts and obligations of the firm, including the $1,500 indebtedness represented by the note to his father. Subsequently, however, and by deeds executed in 1909 and 1910, and a bill of sale dated in 1910, John E. Roberts, the surviving partner, assumed to convey the boat shop and its contents to one Frank J. 0. Steber, who was the cashier of a national bank. John E. Roberts died insolvent and wholly unable to pay his debts. Although the surrogate found that no money consideration passed from Mr. Steber at the time of the execution and delivery of the deeds and bill of sale, he refused to find that Mr. Steber was not a bona ficle purchaser or holder of said partnership real and personal property for value, and the testimony indicates that the true consideration for the transfer was lumber previously purchased by Mr. Steber and furnished from time to time to John E. Roberts for use in the boat-building business. Mr. Steber is in nowise a party to the present proceeding. He has acquired the legal title to the partnership assets. Ho firm property remains applicable to the payment of the petitioner’s claim and the estate of the other partner is insolvent. The possibility that the transfer to Mr. Steber may hereafter be invalidated by means of a suit in equity instituted for that purpose is not a sufficient reason for denying relief to the petitioner. If this proceeding results in a liquidation of the note the parties whose lands are sold will he entitled to recover the amount thereof out of any property which may hereafter *377 be adjudicated to be assets of the partnership, and will thus be protected against loss. It is because of the erroneous inference which might be drawn from the phraseology of the order of the Appellate Division that this opinion has been written. It implies, if it does not assert, that in a proceeding to sell" the real estate of a decedent to pay the debts the existence of an equitable defense may be wholly disregarded because the Surrogate’s Court has no jurisdiction in equity. Such is not the law. To bar the proceeding, however, the equitable defense must be one which is available against the claimant. Here there would have been such a defense if the existence of available firm assets had been proved; but on the contrary the evidence was that the legal title to these had passed to a third party. The right on the part of the administrator to bring a suit in equity attacking the title of that third party does not constitute a defense against this claimant, who is. not shown to have had anything to do with the transfer. Hence the order below was right, although the reasons assigned for making it may be misleading. The courts cannot insist too strongly upon accurate practice in cases of this character. “The title to real estate upon the death of the owner vests immediately in his heirs and devisees, and at common law they took it free from his general debts. It can be taken for the payment of debts now only by virtue of statutes, and the statutory provisions must be strictly pursued in order to justify its sale.” (Kingsland v. Murray, 133 N. Y. 170, 174.) The order appealed from should be affirmed, with costs. Hiscock, Chase, Collin, Miller, Cardozo and Seabury, JJ., concur. Order affirmed.