Falconer v. . the B. J.R.R. Co.

[EDITORS' NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.] *Page 493 [EDITORS' NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.] *Page 494 It is not in question, that since the adoption by the people of the amendments to the State constitution, no town can loan its money or credit in aid of any corporation, or become the owner of stock in any corporation, or incur any indebtedness, except for town purposes. Those amendments were voted on by the people in November, 1874, and became a part of the constitution on the first day of January, 1875. It is not to be questioned, that as soon as they became a part of the constitution, all action by towns, not yet finished, towards the issue of bonds in aid of any corporation, at once fell to the ground; unless there had by operation of law, or in pursuance of some authorized and valid agreement, been created a right to have such action perfected by the issuing of bonds. In the case in hand, the town of Ellicott, or certain of the tax-payers thereof, had taken, or attempted to take action, for the issue of its bonds in aid of the Buffalo and Jamestown Railroad Company, and for the taking by the town of the stock of that corporation in exchange for those bonds. Such action had not been completed by the issue of the bonds; and an important question in the case is, whether that corporation has acquired a right to have the bonds of the town issued and delivered to it. It has not that right, unless it exists by reason of a certain agreement, alleged to have been made with it, by certain persons claiming to act as the authorized agents of the town. To properly determine that question it is necessary to see just what the action of the town or a portion of its tax-payers has been. We will, for the present, assume that under the various *Page 496 acts of the legislature relating to the bonding of towns in aid of railroad corporations, the town of Ellicott had authority to issue its bonds to the railroad corporation above-named. The town, by the same acts, had authority to affix a condition to any power given by it to its agents in the matter; (Laws of 1871, vol. 2, chap. 925, p. 2115.) It did affix the condition, that the line of that railroad company should be located and constructed through the village of Jamestown, before the bonds of the town should be delivered to that company. The meaning and effect of which condition is, not merely that the route of the road of the company should be determined upon by the directors, but that, also, the track, the road itself, should be made through that village. Nor was this a condition, merely to be annexed to the delivery of the bonds to the company, leaving the compliance with it to depend upon the good faith of the company, or its ability to keep and perform it. It was a condition precedent to the delivery. The route must first be adopted, and the track or road first be laid, before the bonds of the town could be delivered forth from the hands of its agents. Assuming that all the proceedings up to that time taken were regular and valid, this was the end of the action of the tax-payers and the permanent officials. After that, all that was to be done was by the actors for the town, the commissioners appointed by the county judge. As such actors, their power was express and limited. It is well to notice how limited and express is the authority given. The judgment or order of the county judge appoints Weeks and others, some of the respondents, commissioners for the purposes mentioned in the petition of the tax-payers. That purpose is stated in that petition to be, "to create and issue its bonds, and invest the same or the proceeds thereof in the stock of the railroad company, upon the conditions that the line of the railroad * * * be located and constructed through the village of Jamestown * * * before said bonds shall be delivered to said company or sold." Here is the grant of power from the tax-payers, through *Page 497 the county judge, to the commissioners. It confers nothing more than is expressed, or than is necessarily incident to that which is expressly conferred, or is given by statute law in addition thereto. The town having a right to annex a condition to its authority to issue the bonds and take the stock, the commissioners were subjected to that condition, and could not create and issue bonds otherwise than in strict accordance with it. Hence, they could not create and issue them, until the railroad company had fixed the line of its road, and had made the track thereof through the village of Jamestown. The commissioners had no authority to take stock, in any manner; nor in any manner to subscribe for stock; nor, by any agreement, to bind the town to issue its bonds, and to take or subscribe for stock; until that condition was complied with by the company. An agreement by that company to comply with it was not a compliance; and the commissioners could not substitute an agreement by it to comply, or any other agreement by it, for actual compliance, or take and rest upon such agreement in advance of actual compliance. An agreement by the railroad company to comply with the condition, or to do aught else contained in the instrument hereinafter noticed, was a promise to do nothing, which it must not do, before it could have the bonds. Nay, more, so far as yet appears herein, compliance with the condition must be made by the company, before the authority of the commissioners to act at all came into existence. They had no right to take stock until the road was constructed through the village of Jamestown; nor had they the right to make an agreement in the matter, though it was an agreement not to issue the bonds and not to take the stock until then, and an agreement then to issue them. The majority of the tax-payers of the town had the power to affix to their petition or consent such a condition. Assuming that the proceedings were regular and valid, such condition was in fact affixed, and at once became an important, nay, a dominant, part of the consent. In the absence of authority to contract to issue *Page 498 the bonds; and a contract by the company to comply with condition or to do aught else, being a promise to do nothing which it must not do, before having any claim for an issue of the bonds; no right to have an issue of them could be created, by any agreement in form between the commissioners and the company; (Town ofConcord v. Savings Bank, 2 Otto, 625.) The case of Co. ofMoultrie v. Savings Bank (2 Otto, 631), is not parallel. There the supervisors were authorized to subscribe (that is, to agree to take the stock) at once, but were not obliged to issue the bonds until the road had reached a certain state of construction. In the case in hand, we find no authority to subscribe or to agree until the road was in a defined actual state. It is suggested that there is no limitation upon the authority of the commissioners, whereby they are required to withhold the issuing of the bonds until after the condition shall have been performed; and that the only effect of making the petition conditional, is to impose a liability on the railroad corporation in case it accepts the subscription. But the statute of 1871 says, that the petition may be absolute or conditional. An absolute conveyance, an absolute right, an absolute estate, an absolute sale, is that which cannot be defeated or changed by any condition, restriction or limitation. So is an absolute petition. A conditional conveyance, and so on as above specified, is one which is restricted and limited by some condition, the non-performance of which will hinder it from operation and effect, if it be a condition precedent. So is a conditional petition. The petition itself, and the order of the county judge, as is herein shown, restrained the commissioners from action until the condition expressed in the petition had been satisfied, which might not be done by an agreement that it should be done. So far, we have considered the question only upon the facts which we have already stated in the discussion. There is one other thing to be noticed. In 1870 the legislature passed an act, (Laws of that year, vol. 1, chap. 507, p. 1148), making it competent for any railroad corporation in whose *Page 499 favor a town had authorized an issue of bonds, to agree with the town commissioners, so as to limit and define the times when, and the proportions in which, the bonds should be delivered to the corporation; and the place where, and the purpose for which, the bonds should be used; and providing that an agreement thereto, in writing, duly executed by both parties, should be valid in all courts and places. After the passage of this act these commissioners, and the railroad company, executed an instrument, in writing, by which the commissioners professed to agree that, when the company should have located and constructed its proposed railroad through the village of Jamestown, the commissioners, or their successors, would immediately subscribe to the stock of the company, and make payment by a delivery of the bonds of the town; and the company professed to agree that it would receive the subscription and payment. It will be observed that this instrument does not, in terms, bind the company to comply with the condition which the tax-payers had affixed to their consent or petition, though the acceptance of a subscription, limited by a condition, would hold the company to an observance thereof. It will be observed, also, that it does not profess to bind the commissioners to do any thing substantial, which was not already provided for by the consent or petition of the tax-payers and the order of the county judge. It is the fact, too, that it was executed after the passage of the act of 1871 (supra), which gave to petitioning tax-payers of a town the power to affix to their consent such condition as was affixed in this case. These three facts being kept in view, the question arises, was and is the instrument of any legal significance? Does it at all alter the relation of the parties, or add to the rights or duties of the company, or of the town? Before the passage of the act of 1871, it may have been the judgment of the legislature that the petitioning tax-payers could not lawfully affix a condition to their consent. It is not needful to consider whether this was well founded. It *Page 500 is quite likely that consents had been given, in some cases, without any condition having been in terms annexed. Hence the law of 1870 (supra) was conceived to be necessary, and to be of practical importance, so that the parties could establish to each other the relations and obligations contemplated by that act. And in legislative view, in case of a petition without condition, the benefits of the act of 1870 might still be needed and sought, though the act of 1871 was in existence. In view of the power given by the act of 1869, (Laws of that year, vol. 2, chap. 907, p. 2303, §§ 4, 5), to commissioners, and the duty put upon them, with all reasonable dispatch to make the bonds, and to subscribe for the stock, it was wise legislation to enable them, as did the act of 1870, to stipulate for the performance of conditions by the railroad company before they acted to the binding of the town. But it may not be said that since the act of 1871, and in the face of a conditional petition, the commissioners might, with just regard to their duty, issue bonds and take stock before the performance of the condition of the petition. After the passage of the act of 1871 (supra), the importance of the act of 1870 was nothing in cases of a conditional petition. The tax-payers could then give their consent, and could so limit and control the operation of it as effectually to establish and guard the rights of the town. By it they could confer upon their agents, the commissioners, so restricted and well defined a power, as to make them no more than the merest ministerial actors, so far as the issuing and delivery of the town bonds was concerned. No room was left for an agreement by them, because there was no need of an agreement; and hence no power was given to enter into one. An agreement to subscribe is an actual subscription, says the learned counsel for the appellants, resting upon 2 Otto (supra), as an authority. Though this is not always conceded in its full extent, (seeHedge Horn's Appeal, 63 Penn. St., 273), if it be here granted, surely there was no authority to the commissioners actually to subscribe *Page 501 before the condition had been met by the company. On the other hand, the petition of the tax-payers having been adjudicated upon by the county judge, and the commissioners of the town appointed by him, with power to issue and deliver the bonds upon the fulfillment of the condition precedent by the railroad company, the latter needed no farther agreement or obligation; and hence the form of taking one was of no legal or practical consequence, and availed not to strengthen any existing right, nor to create a new one. It is not able to escape notice, that the parties who executed this instrument were not sure of the ground they seemed to stand upon. There is in it a saving clause, or a clause of protection to the commissioners. It refers to the petition and the proceedings under which they were appointed. The effect and force of the instrument is in express terms limited by the scope of the power and authority conferred by that petition, and the proceedings and the statute in such case made and provided. Nor does it matter that, in fact, the commissioners did prepare and sign in form of office some bonds; and, at the request of the railroad company, deliver those papers to three persons, and take from them a written declaration of the terms and conditions on which they were to hold and dispose of them. Surely there is no power of that kind given in the petition or judgment or statute. Nor could the recipients of those papers acquire by that action any more power to deal with them to the binding of the town than the commissioners had. So that the town of Ellicott and the Buffalo and Jamestown Railroad Company stood towards each other, at the time the amendment to the constitution took effect, in just such relations, and with just such rights and duties, as were created and imposed by statute law, and none other. The agreement did not add to nor affect them. It was of no avail. The railroad company had power to go on and determine its route and lay down its track through the village of Jamestown, and thus perform the condition precedent upon which it was to become entitled to have and demand the bonds of *Page 502 the town. The town could lie by until the railroad company had in a reasonable time complied with the condition, when, through its agents, it could perhaps make and issue the bonds in such reasonable and not unusual form and terms as they deemed fit. Before compliance with the condition was made, and before the exercise by the town of its statutory power, came in the inhibition of the amended constitution, annulling the statute authority to the town. Then the power to issue bonds and take stock no longer existed. It follows that the railroad company has no right to compel, or have or demand the issue of the bonds, and that the town may not become a stockholder in that company. There are several other questions of interest made by the papers; but as the result above reached leads to an affirmance of the judgment of the General Term, we do not tarry to consider them. All concur; ANDREWS, J., in result; RAPALLO, J., absent. Judgment affirmed.