Price v. Johnston Cotton Co. of Wendell

Denny, J. It is the general rule that an independent contractor is not liable for injuries to third parties occurring after the contractor has completed'the work and it has been accepted by the owner. Willis v. White, 150 N. C., 199, 63 S. E., 942; Williams v. Charles Stores Co., Inc., 209 N. C., 591, 184 S. E., 496; 27 Amer. Jur., sec. 55, p. 534; Ford v. Sturgis, 56 App. D. C., 361, 14 F. (2d), 253, 52 A. L. R., 619; 45 C. J., sec. 320, p. 884, et seq. In the last cited authority we find: “It is a well established general rule that, where the work of an independent contractor is completed, turned over to, and accepted by, the owner, the contractor is not liable to third persons for damages or injuries subsequently suffered by reason of the condition of the work, even though he was negligent in carrying out the contract, and, a fortiori, he is not liable where he performed the work in strict accordance with the terms of their contract or where the injury is not due to the condition in which he left the work. There are also well recognized exceptions to the general rule, one of which is that the contractor is liable where the work is a nuisance per se, and another of which is that he is liable where the work done and turned over by him is so negligently defective as to be imminently dangerous to third persons, provided, in the case of the latter exception, the contractor knows, or should know, of the dangerous situation created by him, and the owner or contraetee does not know of the dangerous condition or defect and would not discover it by reasonable inspection.” The appellant, however, contends the present case comes within the exception to the general rule and cites as authority for his position, Williams v. Charles Stores Co., Inc., supra. We think the present ease is distinguishable from the Williams case. There the Gas Company, a co-defendant, furnished the department store with gas for lighting purposes, and usually repaired the gas fixtures belonging to its customers. It was in evidence that the Gas Company knew its customers in calling for service and repairs relied upon the knowledge, experience, and technical ability of its employees. The Gas *760 Company was requested to repair and clean a gas fixture in its co-defendant’s store. Its employee worked on tbe fixture and a few days thereafter the heavy glass globe of the fixture fell and injured a customer in the store. The evidence tended to show that the glass bowl was not properly fastened and that the wire basket, usually kept in place over the glass globe to prevent an injury in case the globe broke or fell was not properly replaced by the employee of the Gas Company. A judgment against both defendants was affirmed by this Court. In the instant case the work required under the contract between the defendant and the owner of the property, had been completed and accepted. It is not alleged there were any hidden defects in the scaffold, known to the contractor and not disclosed to the owner, or defects, if any, that could not have been discovered upon reasonable inspection. Where work has been completed and accepted by the owner, and the defect in construction, if any, is not hidden but readily- observable upon reasonable inspection, the contractor is not liable. Coleman v. A. L. Guidone & Sons, 192 App. Div., 120, 182 N. Y. S., 625; Travis v. Rochester Bridge Co., 188 Ind., 79, 122 N. E., 1; Ford v. Sturgis, supra; Salliotte v. King Bridge Co., 122 Fed., 381, 65 L. R. A., 620, 58 C. C. A., 466. Annotations of cases on the liability of independent contractors for injuries to third parties will be found in 41 A. L. R., beginning on page 8, and in 123 A. L. R., beginning on page 1197. Moreover, it is not alleged by the plaintiff that it was necessary or customary for an employee of the oil company to go on such platform or scaffold in order to fill the tank with kerosene. The judgment of the court below is Affirmed.