Jackson v. Atlantic Coast Line Railroad

Clare, 0. J. Tbe court submitted three issues, as follows: (1) Was plaintiff’s intestate killed through tbe negligence of tbe defendant, as alleged in tbe complaint? (2) If so, did plaintiff’s intestate, by bis own negligence, contribute to bis injury and death? (3) What damages, if any, is plaintiff entitled to recover ? Tbe court instructed tbe jury that if they believed all tbe evidence and found tbe facts to be as testified that they would answer tbe second issue “Yes,” and tbe third issue “No,” and they responded accordingly. Tbe plaintiff excepted and appealed. Tbe court also instructed tbe jury to answer tbe first issue “Yes,” to which tbe defendant excepted and appealed. There was 'no evidence that tbe plaintiff’s intestate did not look and listen. There was evidence from which tbe defendant contends tbe jury should so find. There is evidence from which tbe jury'could find to tbe contrary. There is no presumption in favor of contributory negligence, and tbe burden was on the defendant to prove it. In Norton v. R. R., 122 N. C., 929, it is said: “Where there is no evidence of tbe fact, tbe presumption is against contributory negligence, even in tbe absence of any statute, like our own, making it a matter of affirmative defense. R. R. v. Gentry, 163 U. S., 366; R. R. v. Griffith, 159 U. S., 609.” It cannot be declared, as a matter of law, that failure to come to a complete stop before entering upon a railroad crossing is contributory negligence. In Perry v. R. R., 180 N. C., 290, the Court said: “Failure to stop before crossing a railroad track cannot be declared, as a matter,of law, to be contributory negligence, but it should be considered by tbe jury in connection with tbe surrounding circumstances in determining whether tbe party was exercising tbe care of one of ordinary prudence.” In Johnson v. R. R., 163 N. C., 442, tbe Court uses tbe following language: “Defendant requested tbe court to enter a judgment' of nonsuit *156 upon the evidence, as plaintiff’s intestate was guilty of sucb contributory negligence in driving upon the crossing without looking or listening as barred bis recovery. The judge could not have done so without deciding an issue of fact, which he is forbidden to do, that being the function of the jury. Pell’s Revisal, sec. 535, and cases cited in note. The evidence favorable to defendant’s view of the case may be ever so strong and persuasive, but if there is a conflict of testimony it must be left to the jury, and they must find the facts.” In Shepard v. R. R., 166 N. C., 544, the Court, through Mr. Justice Uolce, laid down the rule as follows: “Where the view is obstructed, a traveler may ordinarily rely upon his sense of hearing, and if he does listen and is induced to enter upon a public crossing because of the negligent failure of the company to give the ordinary signals, this will usually be attributed to the failure of the company to warn the traveler of danger, and not imputed to him for contributory negligence.” In Hinkle v. R. R., 109 N. C., 472, substantially the same rule is stated in the following language: “Where the injured person would not have gone on the crossing but for the negligence of the engineer in failing to give the proper signal, the railroad company will be held liable in damages resulting from a collision, although the party injured may have been careless in exposing himself.” The uncontradicted evidence tended to show that the train which struck the plaintiff’s intestate was running late, and at a speed of about sixty miles an hour; that there was a whistle-post about two hundred and fifty to three hundred yards south of the crossing, put there for the purpose of indicating to the engineer that the whistle should be blown for the crossing, and the bell rung; that the defendant’s foreman and a crew of men were standing near the whistle-post at the time the train passed, having been forced to remove a hand-car from the track to allow the train to pass; and that no signal whatsoever was given. About one-half dozen witnesses testified that they were in close proximity to the place where the whistle should have been blown and carefully observed that no signal was given, stirne of these witnesses being farmers residing in the neighborhood, and some of them employees of the railroad company. In Jenkins v. R. R., 155 N. C., 203, the Court said: “It is a railroad engineer’s duty to blow his whistle or ring his bell at a reasonable distance from a crossing to warn those approaching the crossing with a view of passing over the tracks.” In Hinkle v. R. R., 109 N. C., 472, it was also said: “For a moving train to omit to give, in a reasonable time, some signal when approaching a highway from which a train is hidden by an embankment, cut, or curve is negligence per se.” *157 Tbe defendant put on no evidence. The jury could have found directly or by inference from the evidence taken in its most favorable aspect to the plaintiff the following state of facts: That the space between the county road and the railroad had grown up so thickly in trees, gum bushes, alder bushes, gum trees, and pine bushes and pine trees, that the view of the deceased was completely obscured; that because of such obscurity, together with the screen afforded by the embankment on the defendant’s right of way, the deceased could not see the approach, of the train until within eleven feet of the “T” iron at the crossing; that the deceased was carefully driving his automobile along the public highway, approaching the crossing at a speed of not more than eight or ten miles an hour; that the deceased knew of the crossing and was driving slowly and carefully for the purpose of effecting a safe crossing, no other conclusion being reasonably assignable for the slow speed of his machine, and it being presumed that he was conducting himself as an ordinarily prudent man; that the deceased, while purposing to cross in safety, considered the danger and looked and listened for some warning or signal of the approach of the train, and hence reduced the speed of his automobile as additional precaution; that those in charge of defendant’s train, which was running at not less than sixty miles an hour, failed and neglected to ring the bell or blow the whistle as a warning to the deceased of its approach to the said crossing; that the failure to give such warning lulled the deceased into the belief that no train was near, and that he could cross in safety, and that, so believing, he attempted to drive over the crossing, and while so doing was fatally injured, and the jury could find that the conduct of the deceased, under all the facts and circumstances, was as an ordinarily prudent man would have conducted himself under similar circumstances, and being lulled into a state of security by the negligent conduct of the defendant, the deceased did not have the time or opportunity to save himself after passing within the danger zone. It is true there was evidence from which the jury could have reached a different conclusion upon some of the statements in this recital, but as the evidence must be taken in the most favorable aspect to the plaintiff in which the jury could have considered and found them, it was error to direct a verdict against the plaintiff on the second issue, especially as the burden was upon the defendant to prove the affirmative on that issue. C. S., 523, and eases there cited. Among the most recent cases on the subject directly in point are Penninger v. R. R., 170 N. C., 473; Perry v. R. R., 180 N. C., 290; Kimbrough v. Hines, ib., 274. There being error as to the instructions on the second issue, it is unnecessary to continue the discussion, and the case will be sent back for a new trial on all the issues. Error.