Bernard v. . Bowen

*122 DeviN, J. This appeal presents tbe question of title to certain real property in Surry, County, and arose upon the following material facts which have been agreed to by the parties. In 1848 Andrew Mathews executed and delivered deed conveying a small tract of land therein described to named commissioners of free schools of Pilot District, and their successors, for the purpose of enabling them to build a schoolhouse and church, said land to be held “so long as church is kept up on said lot and not to be used for any other purpose, and if at any time they should be discontinued or fail, the title to said lot to revert back to me (the grantor) and my heirs.” A schoolhouse was shortly thereafter erected on the premises and used for school and church purposes until 1878, when a church building was erected on an adjacent lot and the school building ceased to be used for church purposes. The school building (replaced by a new building in 1904) has continued to be used for school purposes uninterruptedly to the present time, unless the facts hereinafter set out constitute an abandonment or disuse. In December, 1936, the defendant Board of Education planned to sell - the property and offered it for sale and bids were placed thereon, but “the offer to sell was never approved nor confirmed by the said defendant,” and no deed was ever executed. During the spring of 1937 nearly all of the school furniture was removed from the school building to a new school building erected on adjoining land. During the same spring of 1937 the defendant Board of Education established a high school and found it necessary to' use the old school building on the property in question in connection therewith, and, in August, 1937, rescinded its former plan to sell the property, and has continued to use the building for purposes connected with the maintenance of the school. It was admitted “that the building is now being used by this defendant for a scientific laboratory in connection with the school.” The plaintiff instituted this action as the heir, or one of the heirs of Andrew Mathews, claiming that the title to the property had reverted by reason of its abandonment for the purposes for which the land was originally conveyed. No point was made by plaintiff that the property was no longer being used for church purposes, and properly so, for acquiescence by the heirs of the grantor in its disuse for that purpose and its use solely for school purposes for fifty-nine years would afford now no ground of complaint on that score. Eight of forfeiture for that reason, if at all available upon proper construction of the language of the entire deed, would be deemed to have been waived and lost by lapse of time, and reentry barred. The court below held that there had been no abandonment of right to the property by the defendant Board of Education so as to divest its *123 title, and accordingly rendered judgment for defendant board and against tbe plaintiff. From this judgment tbe plaintiff appealed. Tbe facts agreed sustain tbe ruling of tbe court below. In Church v. Bragaw, 144 N. C., 126, 56 S. E., 688, it was said: “Conditions subsequent, especially wben relied upon to work a forfeiture, are strictly construed. Woodruff v. Woodruff, 44 N. J., 353. Tbe word 'abandonment’ bas a well-defined meaning in tbe law wbicb does not embrace a sale or conveyance of tbe property. It is tbe giving up of a thing absolutely, without reference to any particular person or purpose, and includes both tbe intention to relinquish all claim to and dominion over tbe property and tbe external act by wbicb this intention is executed, and that is, tbe actual relinquishment of it, so that it may be appropriated by tbe next comer. 1 Cyc., 4.” “Tbe act of relinquishment of possession or enjoyment must be accompanied by an intent to part permanently with tbe right; otherwise, there is no abandonment.” 1 Am. Jur., 7. To tbe same effect is 1 C. J. S., 6, 10; 18 C. J., 371. Tbe facts here presented are insufficient to show abandonment of tbe use of tbe property described or relinquishment of defendant’s right thereto, so as to authorize reentry by tbe heirs of tbe grantor. Judgment affirmed.