Jones v. . Whichard

Hoxe, J., after stating the case: A very full and satisfactory statement of the rule in Shelley’s case is given in Preston on Estates as follows: “When a person takes an estate of freehold, legally or equitably, under a deed, will, or other writing, and in the same instrument there is a limitation by way of remainder, either with or without interposition of another estate, of an interest of the same legal or equitable quality to his heirs, or heirs of his body, as a class of persons to take in succession, from generation to generation, the limitation to the heirs entitles the ancestor to the whole estate.” *244 In approval and illustration of the rule as stated, there are many decisions here and elsewhere to the effect that, in order to its proper application, .the word “heirs” or heirs of the body (these last by reason of our statute, Revisal, sec. 1578) must be used in their technical sense, carrying the estate to suoh heirs as an entire class to take in succession from generation to generation, and they must have the effect to convey “the same estate to the same persons, whether they take by descent or purchase,” and, whenever it appears from the context or from a perusal of the entire instrument that the words were not intended in their ordinary acceptation of words of inheritance, but simply as a descriptio personarvm designating certain individuals of the class, or that the estate is thereby conveyed to “any other person in any other manner or in any other quality than the canons of descent provide,” the rule in question does not apply, and interest of the first taker will be, as it is expressly described, an estate for life. Puckett v. Morgan, 150 N. C., 344; Smith v. Proctor, 139 N. C., 314; Wool v. Fleetwood, 136 N. C., 460-470; May v. Lewis, 132 N. C., 115; Whitesides v. Cooper, 115 N. C., 570; Mills v. Thorne, 95 N. C., 362; Ward v. Jones, 40 N. C., 404. In the recent and well considered case of Puckett v. Morgan, supra, the language of the instrument was, “To M. during her life, then to her bodily heirs, if any-; but, if she have none, back to her brothers and sisters,” well-nigh -in the exact terms of the present deed, and it was held that, by reason of the context, the words “bodily heirs” were so qualified as to indicate that they were used merely as a descriptio personarvm and that M. took only a life estate. The authority is, in our opinion, controlling and fully supports the judgment of his Honor in denying the application of the rule. The cases of Morrisett v. Stevens, 136 N. C., 160, and Whitfield v. Garris, 134 N. C., 24, and others cited by counsel, when properly understood, do not militate against this construction. In Whitfield's case and in Morrisett’s case the ulterio disposition of the property was not and was not intended as a limitation on the estate conveyed to the first taker, but was a provision whereby one stock of inheritance on certain contingen *245 cies was substituted for another, the second to bold as purchasers direct from the grantor or original owner. Sessoms v. Sessoms, 144 N. C., 121. The case of Puckétt v. Morgan is also authority for the position that this deed of Major Jones conveys an estate for life to E. M. Jones and wife, remainder to their issue in the sense of children and grandchildren. This meaning has not infrequently prevailed -when it appeared to be the clear intent of the instrument. Smith v. Lumber Co., 155 N. C., 389-93; Sain v. Baker, 128 N. C., 256; Rollins v. Keel, 115 N. C., 68, etc. We concur also in the view of his Honor, that this remainder is contingent on' these devisees being alive to fill the description at the time of the falling in of the particular estate. This construction is also sustained by Puckett u. Morgan, and the well reasoned case of Latham v. Lumber Co., 139 N. C., 9, and Bowen v. Hackney, 136 N. C., 187, are to like effect. It was contended for defendant that this was a vested remainder, relying on certain expressions in Ex parte Dodd, 62 N. C., 97, quoted by the Court in Springs v. Scott; 132 N. C., 552, but the position is not well taken. In Springs v. Scott the Court was dealing with the power to sell contingent remainders, and, in using the expression that “such power existed whensoever one was born in whom the estate can vest,” the judge delivering the opinion did not intend that the remainder thereby became vested, but that the power in question arose whenever one of the class was bom in whom the estate would vest on the happening of the contingency. Those cases, in the aspect suggested, have no bearing on the question presented. The remainder in our case was contingent, and, applying the doctrine as above stated, it was properly held that defendant S. L. Jones was entitled to’ a child’s portion of the estate, he being alive to claim it when the life estate terminated, thus filling the description as devisee, and that Huldah L. Page and her son, both having died before the life tenants, did not fill such description and had no interest or estate which the father, C. F. Page, could inherit. The suggestion that C. F. Page could claim as tenant by curtesy is without merit; the existence of the life estate in E. M. Jones and wife would in *246 any case prevent tbe seizin required for tbe validity of such a claim. In re Robert Dixon, 156 N. C., 26; Redding v. Voght, 140 N. C., 562. We are not inadvertent to. tbe fact that tbe deed of Major Jones in tbe premises,' if it stood alone, would convey a "fee simple, nor to tbe legal position that at common law, while it -was tbe usual province of tbe habendum to define and determine tbe quantity of tbe estate or to explain or qualify tbe premises, it was not allowed to create an estate entirely repugnant to tbe interest conveyed in tbe premises, an instance of this appearing in Haffner v. Irwin, 20 N. C., 570, where tbe premises conveyed an estate to A. and bis heirs, habendum to B. and bis heirs. Such a position is still recognized here in proper cases, as appears in Wilkinson v. Norman, 139 N. C., 41, and other cases of like kind. But in .the case of Triplett v. Williams, 149 N. C., 394, this Court, in a well sustained opinion by Associate Justice Brown, announced tbe decision that, although a deed in its premises professed to convey an estate to tbe grantee and bis heirs, it would not have tbe effect to convey a fee simple when it clearly appeared from tbe habendum or other portions of tbe instrument that it was tbe intent to convey only a life estate. That in such case it was not proper to construe tbe clauses as entirely repugnant, but that tbe one was in explanation of tbe other, adopting on that question tbe rule as .given in 1st Devlin on Deeds, sec. 215, as follows: “It may be formulated as a rule, that where it is impossible to determine from tbe deed and surrounding circumstances that tbe grantor intended tbe habendum- to control, tbe granting words will govern.; but if it clearly appears that it was tbe intention of tbe grantor to enlarge or restrict tbe granting clause by tbe habendum, tbe latter must control.” There is no error, and tbe judgment of tbe lower court must be affirmed. Affirmed.