T. Whitridge v. . A. P. Taylor

Dioií, J. The plaintiff as mortgagee seeks to forclose his •mortgage. The mortgage is dated 10th January, 1869, and die time of redemption specified, is twelve months after date. The mortgagors were adjudged bankrupts in the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, and an assignment -of all their estate was duly made on the 30th of May, 1871, -¡to an assignee in bankruptcy, the present defendant. This action was commenced in November, 1871, and the question presented by the ruling of His Honor, is, whether a Superior ■Court of this State has jurisdiction of the ease. The Constitution of the United States, Art. 1, sec. 8, authorizes Congress to establish uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcy, &c. That power was exercised on the 2nd of March, 1867, by the passage of the Bankrupt Act, and all State laws in conflict or inconsistent with the purposes of that Act were at *275 once suspended in their operation upon such subject. 3 Story Com, 4 and 15. Cooley C. L. 18, 4 Wall. 411. By the 1st section of said Act, original jurisdiction in matters of bankruptcy is conferred upon the United States District Courts. The term original is hero used to distinguish this from the supervisory jurisdiction of the Circuit Courts given in the 2d section, but as to State Courts, the jurisdiction of the Courts of bankruptcy is superior and exclusive for the purposes contemplated, except as is otherwise provided for in the statute. It is a question not yet determined, whether under the statute, a Court of bankruptcy can exercise jurisdiction beyond the limits of the district in which the Court is situated. No such jurisdiction is expressly conform!, but the manifest; object of the system is to bring all the estate of a bankrupt under the control of one Court, so that all parties interested may bo heard, and their claims adjusted, and the assets he distributed by the same judicial tribunal. In furtherance id this object, an extraterritorial jurisdiction must arise by necessary implication, iu collecting the estate and adjusting the claims of the creditors of the bankrupt, where the Court of bankruptcy can fairly and fully dete.rmine the rights of parties interested. The Constitution requires the system to bo uniform in its operation and benefits, and this cannot be effected unless the Bankrupt Act is construed by all Courts with the liberality usually allowed to remedial statutes. Mixer v. E. O. & G. Co., 65 N. C. 552. Courts of bankruptcy exercise a kind of equitable jurisdiction conferred by statute, and an assignee is in the nature of a receiver, who collects and holds property under the protection and direction of the Court, until the rights of all parties are sustained and determined. For this purpose the jurisdiction of the Court extends over the bankrupt, his estate, and all persons who choose to make themselves parties; and all necessary orders may be enforced against parties within the territorial limits of the Court, by powers of contempt. Bump on Bank. *276 The Bankrupt Act expressly provides that a duly certified" copy of the assignment made to the assignee, shall be conclusive evidence of his title as such assignee to take, hold, sue for and recover the property of the bankrupt (sec’s 14 and 16) and he' may sue in his own name in the State Courts, and continue-legal proceedings, pleading in said tribunal. But in all matters of controversy, where the subjects in dispute are of a local' nature, the rights of parties must be determined by actions in the local Courts. Thus, the title and disposition of real estate, where there are adverse claims, cannot generally be determined in a Court out of a State in which the land is situated. The ease before us presents an illustration of this principle. The plaintiff as mortgagee, liad the legal title to the land in question, and was entitled to- have ..a foreclosure of his mortgage, when the adjudication in bankruptcy was made. This right of the plaintiff cannot bo administered by the District Court of .Maryland, sitting as a Court of Bankruptcy. The State Court can afford a remedy by foreclosure or sale, and at the same time allow the assignee to have the full benefit of the equity of redemption belonging to the estate of the bankrupt. The assignee accepted the summons, and was properly before the Court, and his Honor efrod in dismissing the case. Let this be certified. Per Curtam. Judgment reversed.