King v. . Phillips

Ashe, J. (after stating the facts). Upon a careful consideration of the errors assigned, we see no reason for overruling the decision made at the last term. We do not think there was any error in the interpretation given by this Court to the finding of the jury upon the second issue. But conceding its meaning *247 was such as contended for by the defendant, that it establishes the fact that the principal had been paid, and only the interest remained unsettled, still we are unable to see the error complained of by the defendant. It is true, this Court did not take into consideration the question now presented as a ground of error, that the action could not be sustained for the interest after ' the principal had been paid, but if it had done so, it could have come to no other conclusion than it did; for there is a marked and admitted distinction between these cases where the interest is stipulated to be paid in the note or bond, and when there is nothing said with respect to the interest, and it is left to be recovered as a part of the damages for the retention of the debt. To be more specific. When interest is not made payable on the face of the instrument, it is in the nature of damages for the retention of the principal debt. Hamilton v. Van Rensselaer, 43 N. Y., 244; Byles on Bills, 240. And in such a case the payment of the principal is a bar to an action to recover the interest. Hamilton v. Van Rensselaer, supra; Hentz v. Miller, 94 N. Y., 64. But when interest is stipulated for in the contract, it is as much a part of the debt as the principal itself. 1 Daniel on Neg. Ins., 919; 2 Edwards on Bills and Notes, §1012; Boodily v. Bellamy, 2 Burr., 1096; Southern Central R. R. Co. v. The Town of Moravia, 61 Barb., 180; Fake v. Eddy, 15 Wend., 76; and Bledsoe v. Nixon, 69 N.C., 80; where the distinction here drawn is clearly stated. It was there held, “when there is no ■agreement to pay interest, interest when allowable, is allowed not as a part of the contract, but as an incident, and by way of damages for the default to make the creditor good for the loss he has sustained by reason of the breach of contract.” In this class of cases, it has always been held that after the principal of the debt has been paid and received in full, no action could be maintained to recover interest; the reason being that interest, in such cases, being a mere incident, cannot exist without the debt, and the debt being extinguished, the interest must necessarily be extinguished also. *248 A distinction has been made between such cases and those where interest is payable by the terms of the contract. In the latter case, the interest is as much a part of the contract as the principal, and not a mere incident. The case of Moore v. Fuller, 2 Jones, 205, which was relied on in the argument when the case was first before us, is a case where the bond sued on was silent as to the interest, but in the case now under consideration, there is an express stipulation to pay interest, which, according to the authorities, is not a mere incident to the debt, but as much a part of it as the principal itself. Consequently, there is no reason why in such case the interest may not be recovered even after the principal has been paid. We see no reason for disturbing the decision heretofore made. The petition is therefore dismissed. Dismissed.