State v. . Wiseman

Boyden, J. No appeal can be taken in a State case until' after a trial and judgment against the defendant in the Court-below. An appeal cannot be taken in State cases from an interlocutory judgment, and it is only' by statute that such appeals can be taken in civil actions. State v. Bailey, 65 N. C. Rep., 426, and State v. Jefferson, 66 N. C. Rep., 309. The-’ appeal in this case must therefore be dismissed. This case being now before the Court, as upon a writ of Certiorari, that raises the question as to the power of th& Court below to withdraw a juror and make a mistrial. It must now be considered as settled law, in our State, that in cases of necessity a mistrial may be ordered even in capital cases. The term, necessity, as used in this connection, must be regarded rather as a technical term, and includes quite distinct classes of necessity. One class may not improperly be termed physical and absolute; as where a' juror by a sudden attack of illness is wholly disqualified from proceeding with the trial; or where the prisoner becomes insane during the trial, or where a female defendant is taken in labor during the trial, as in the case of Elizabeth Meadows, cited by Chief Justice Tilghman, in the Commonwealth v. Cook and others, 6 Sergeant & Rawles, 771, (Poster 76, A. D. 1750.) There is another class of cases of necessity; *206 which may be termed cases of legal necessity, and which the same authority denominates the necessity of doing justice; arising from the duty of the Court to guard the administration of justice from fraudulent practices; as in the case of tampering with the jury, or keeping back the witnesses on the part of the prosecution, by the prisoner. In misdemeanors of the lower grade, mistrials are within the sound discretion of the Courts, and their decisions in such cases can not be reviewed in this Court. But in capital cases, and other felonies, and in offences under the grade of felony, where infamous punishments are awarded, such as perjury, conspiracy and the like, mistrials are not matters of discretion, and can only be made in cases of necessity as above defined; and all such cases are the subject of review in this Court after a final decision in the Court below; and in such cases, the defendant when called for a second trial, may avail himself of any error committed in the former trial by ordering a mistrial when the necessity for a mistrial did not exist. In such cases the Judge should find the facts and place them on the record, and these findings of the Court below are conclusive, and not the subject of review here; but his Honor’s decision upon the law, arising upon the facts, may be reviewed and reversed. In this case we understand his Honor as finding that the jury had been tampered with, and that his Honor ordered the mistrial on that ground. But it is argued by the defendants’ counsel in this Court that this power to make a mistrial in such a case can only be exercised against the consent of the defendant, when it is shown that the prisoner has himself been engaged, directly or indirectly, in tampering with the jury. "We do not so regard the rule, and we hold the law to be that whenever the Court finds that the jury have been tampered with, a mistrial may be ordered. It cannot be necessary for the Court to proceed further, and also find that the *207 defendant has. himself been engaged in this tampering; as such an inquiry would necessarily delay the trial, often for days, and owing to the secret manner in which such practices are conducted, the fact of the defendant’s actual participation therein, could rarely be ascertained, and would result in destroying the practical application of the rule. We regard it as one of the highest duties of a Court to guard the administration of justice against such fraudulent practices, and whenever the Court is satisfied that the jury have been tampered with, a mistrial should be ordered. In this case we hold that his Honor was right in withdrawing a jury aiid ordering, a mistrial. The discharge of the prisoner is< refused, as we hold he is liable to be put upon his trial again. Per, Curiam. Judgment affirmed.