Garysburg Manufacturing Co. v. Board of Commissioners

ClaRíksoN, J. Was the plaintiff mistaken in its remedy in proceeding under C. S., 7979, instead of under the method provided in chapter 102, section 12, Public Laws of North Carolina, 1925? We think so. We think the law applicable to this controversy: section 12, chapter 102, Public Laws of 1925, pp. 215-16, in part, is as follows: “Provided, that if the State Board of Assessment or either of them is not satisfied with the appraisement and valuation so made and returned, they are hereby authorized and empowered to make a valuation thereof, based upon the facts contained in the report herein required or upon any information within their possession, and to settle an account on the valuation so made by them for taxes, penalties, and interest due the *746 State tbereon, of wbicb such settlement immediate notice shall be given to such corporation by said State Board of Assessment, with the right to the company dissatisfied with any settlement so made against it to appeal to the Superior Court in term time of the county in which such company has its principal place of business in this State, and thence to the Supreme Court of this State; but before sueb company shall be allowed to exercise the right of appeal it shall, within twenty days after notice of such settlement, file with the State Board of Assessment exceptions to the particulars to which it objects, and the grounds thereof, and said State Board of Assessment shall hear said exceptions, after ten days notice of such hearing given by said State Board of Assessment to said company; and if they shall overrule any of said exceptions, then such company, if it desires to appeal to said Superior Court, shall within ten days thereafter give notice to said State Board of Assessment of such appeal to said Superior Court, and the State Board of Assessment shall thereupon transmit to said Superior Court a record of said settlement, with the exceptions of the company thereto, and all decisions thereon, and all papers and evidence considered in making said decision. The said cause shall be placed on the civil docket of said Superior Court, and shall have precedence of all civil actions, and shall be tried under the same rules and regulations as are-prescribed for the trial of other civil causes. The cause shall be entitled ‘State of North Carolina on the relation of State Board of Assessment against such company.’ Either party may appeal to the Supreme Court from the judgment of the Superior Court under the same rules and regulations as are prescribed by law for other appeals, except that the State of North Carolina, if it shall appeal shall not be required to give an undertaking or make any deposit to secure the cost of such appeal,” etc. In compliance with this provision and the Revenue Act provisions, the G-arysburg Manufacturing Company (chapter 101, section 89, Revenue Act, 1925, and chapter 102, section 12, Machinery Act, 1925), as of 1 May, 1926, made its report. It gave a detailed statement as required by the act. In the report we find: *747 From this report made by the Garysburg Manufacturing Company, the corporate excess was $210,243.00 — this exact amount was found by the Board of Assessment the valuation liable for tax, and this amount under the law (section 15) was certified to the register of deeds of Pender County. The county levied a tax at the rate of $2.70 on the $100, amounting to a total of $5,676.56. Plaintiff paid same under protest in writing, contending that C. S., 7979, was' applicable and brought this action under said provision to recover same. The method of taxation here pursued has long been the policy of the legislative branch in this jurisdiction and held to be constitutional. Person v. Watts, 184 N. C., 499. In the present ease the State Board of Assessment accepted as correct the returns of the Garysburg Manufacturing Company, that the actual value in cash of capital stock as of 1 May, 1926, was $350,000. This included the stock in the Argent Lumber Company held by it, amounting to $225,000. By its detail report, carefully made, the Garysburg Manufacturing Company admitted that this stock was a part of its capital stock. In fact, it did represent its profits from its lumber enterprise in that community. At the time' it made its report the law it now questions was operative. If the company was dissatisfied with any assessment, it had a forum — the remedy clearly fixed by statute as above shown, not C. S., 7979, with the right to be heard before the State Board of Assessment for any irregularities or any illegal assessment, and an appeal provided for to the Superior Court and Supreme Court, and full notice given in compliance with the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. In Manufacturing Co. v. Commissioners, 189 N. C., at pp. 103, 104, the matter is fully set forth as follows: “From a consideration of these and other pertinent provisions of the law, it is clear, in our opinion, that the State Board of Assessment is given supervisory powers to correct improper assessments on the part of the local boards and that on complaint made in apt time and on notice duly given and on sufficient and proper proof before this State Board, plaintiff could have obtained or had full opportunity to obtain the relief he now seeks. This being true, the judgment of his Honor sustaining the demurrer must be upheld, for it is the accepted position that a taxpayer is not allowed to resort to the courts in cases of this character until he has pursued and exhausted the remedies provided before the duly constituted administrative boards having such matters in charge. Gorham v. Mfg. Co., Current Supreme Court Reporter, U. S., pp. 80, 81; First National Bank v. Weld, 264 U. S., p. 450; Farmcomb v. Denver, 252 U. S., p. 7. In Gorham’s case, Associate Justice Sanford states the controlling principle as follows: 'We are of opinion that without reference to the constitutional questions, *748 tbe bill was properly dismissed because of the failure of the company to avail itself of the administrative remedy provided by the statute for the revision and correction of the tax. A taxpayer who does not exhaust the remedy provided before an administrative board to secure the correct assessment of a tax cannot be heard by a judicial tribunal to assert its invalidity/ Our State decisions to the extent they have dealt with the subject are in full approval of the principle, holding that a taxpayer must not only resort to the remedies that the Legislature has established, but that he must do so at the time and in the manner that the statutes and proper regulations provide. R. R. v. Commissioners, 188 N. C., p. 265; Wolfenden v. Commissioners, 152 N. C., p. 83; Commissioners v. Murphy, 107 N. C., p. 36; Wade v. Commissioners, 74 N. C., p. 81.” Lumber Co. v. Smith, 146 N. C., 199; Land Co., v. Smith, 151 N. C., 70; Hart v. Commissioners, 192 N. C., 161; Whitley v. Washington, 193 N. C., 240; Caldwell Co. v. Doughton, 195 N. C., 62; Stanley v. Supervisors, 121 U. S., 535, at p. 550; Western Union Tel. Co. v. Missouri, 190 U. S., 412, at p. 426; English v. Arizona, 214 U. S., 359. In all the authorities it is distinctly held that a particular board, such as is the State Board of Assessment, given authority to assess or fix the value of property for taxation, is exercising a q-iiosi-judicial function and, when the method is provided by statute for appeal from the exercise of this function and the taxpayer fails to avail himself of it, he cannot bring an action to recover back that portion of the taxes, so assessed, which he claims to he illegal. In the instant case, the Board of Assessment reported results of the appraisement and did not report the individual items upon which the appraisement was made, consequently, in this sense, the appraisement of the value of the stock held in a foreign corporation was not so separated from the other property as to permit a variation of this rule. First National Bank v. Weld County, 264 U. S., 450. For the reasons given, the judgment below is Reversed.