Hill v. Ætna Life Insurance

Clark, C. J. John Hill took out an accident policy for $1,000 in the defendant company. The policy provided that, though the assured came to his death by accident, yet if it occurred through certain specified means the defendant would not be liable. One of these provisions exempted the company from liability if the assured was killed, “entering or trying to enter or leave a moving conveyance using steam as a motive power.” The answer admitted that the death occurred from injuries sustained in being run over by a railroad train, but the defendant contended that the assured received such injuries while trying to leave a railroad ear while the train was in motion. There was no proof that the assured was seen on the car or was hurt in leaving it while in motion. The defendant proved by a witness that just after a passenger train running twenty-five to thirty miles an hour had passed, he saw the deceased struggling and falling along beside the train; that witness ran there as quickly as he could, rolled the man over on his face and commenced to talk to him. The court -properly excluded any evidence as to what the injured man stated as to how he had sustained his injury. Though the time which had elapsed was brief, the conversation was not a part of the res gestae. It was not exclamatory but narrative, and therefore hearsay and incompetent. Bumgardner v. Railroad, 132 N. C., 440. In Seawell v. Railroad, 133 N. C., 515, the statements admitted were as to declarations made during the transaction and a part of the res gestae, and not a narration. The same is true of Means v. Railroad, 124 N. C., 578. The evidence offered of declarations made a few minutes still later by the deceased as to the manner in which he had been injured *3 were, of course, incompetent. The fact that the plaintiff bad repeated one of these statements made to himself did not make it competent. It was merely hearsay still. A witness for plaintiff testified that he saw the train run over the assured — that it was running four or five miles an hour. Declarations made by the plaintiff, the beneficiary of the policy, as to statements by the deceased of the manner in which be bad been killed, and not denied by him, were incompetent. Tbe plaintiff knew nothing of the matter, and no admission of the truth of the statements could be drawn from bis failure to deny them. Among the proofs of death which the plaintiff bad filed with the defendant company was an affidavit by M. J. Hill, which stated that the assured “was on the train with bis brother, Thomas Hill, and just after the train started John Hill stepped from the train and was caught by bis overalls and thrown under the car wheels, at about 8:30 A. M.,.on train No. 30, eastbound”; also an affidavit from plaintiff stating substantially the same. One Starnes testified that be got up said proofs, as agent for plaintiff, and sent them off, but that the plaintiff “did not see any of the proofs of loss except bis own affidavit.” His Honor thereupon excluded all such proofs except the plaintiff’s affidavit. Tbe plaintiff testified that be knew nothing about the. manner in which the assured received bis injuries, not being there at the time, except what others bad told him. His Honor instructed the jury that the affidavit of plaintiff which bad been filed as a proof of loss, standing alone, made out a prima facie ease to show that John Hill exposed himself to extraordinary risk, and under the terms of the policy would reduce the recovery to $200; but if the jury believed the plaintiff’s testimony, that be was not present when the assured sustained bis injuries and knew nothing about the matter of bis own knowledge, and "the burden being upon the plaintiff to prove this, if the jury were satisfied by the great.er weight that the affidavit was made by plaintiff without any knowledge on bis part as to how the deceased sustained bis injuries, the jury would be justified in answering the third issue “$1,000.” *4 The proofs of loss, though not conclusive and irrebuttable by-plaintiff, are prima facie true as against him. Insurance Co. v. Newton, 22 Wall., 22; Insurance Co. v. Rodel, 95 U. S., 232. The burden was upon the plaintiff to show that a statement made in the proofs of loss was erroneous in fact. The plaintiff, having filed them, has vouched for their truth. He must show mistake. It is not sufficient to negative a statement therein made to show merely that the affiant made his affidavit as a conclusion from evidence — as hearsay — which would have been excluded if offered on the trial of an issue, as to the fact stated. The plaintiff weighed the evidence and swore to the facts stated in his affidavit. He must show that'there was error as to the fact— not merely that he relied upon hearsay statements. It was also error to strike out the other affidavits in the proofs of death upon the testimony of Starnes that he had sent them on, by plaintiff’s authority, but the plaintiff had not seen them. Aside from the fact that the court was thus holding that Starnes’ testimony was true, there is the further consideration that, these “proofs” having been filed by plaintiff’s authority, the facts therein stated' are to be taken as true against him, unless he show mistake, and that he must show that the facts stated in the .“proofs” are not true. Error.