In Re Veasey

Stacy, C. J. The petitioner, M. M. Veasey, was arrested under C. S., 4550, which provides that any Justice of the Supreme Court, or any judge of the Superior Court or of any criminal court, or any justice of the peace, or mayor of any city, or chief magistrate of any incorporated town, on satisfactory information laid before him that any fugitive or other person in the State has committed, out of the State and within the United States, any offense which, by the law of the state in which the offense was committed, is punishable either capitally or by imprisonment for one year or upwards in any state prison, has full power and authority, and is required, to issue a warrant for such fugitive or other person and commit him to any jail within the state for the space of six months, unless sooner demanded by the public authorities of the state wherein the offense may have been committed, pursuant to the act of Congress in that case made and provided, and if no such demand be made within that time the person arrested is entitled to be liberated, unless sufficient cause be shown to the contrary. It was on a warrant, issued by virtue of this statute, that the petitioner was held at the time he sued out a writ of habeas corpus. Upon the findings made by his Honor below, and the conclusions drawn therefrom, we are of opinion that no error was committed in the order of discharge from arrest under the warrant issued by P. T. Perry, justice of the peace. It appears, however, that during the habeas corpus proceeding, the sheriff of Bertie County, in open court, served upon the petitioner an extradition warrant issued by the Governor of North Carolina for the arrest of the accused on the same charge as that contained in the warrant of the justice of the peace. Application for writ of certiorand was made to this Court to review the action of the judge in not holding the accused under the extradition warrant of the Governor, but this warrant is not in the record and apparently it was not offered on the hearing as the sheriff’s authority for holding the accused. One who is sought to be extradited may contest the validity of the extradition proceedings on writ of habeas corpus by showing (1) that he is not charged with a crime in the demanding state, or (2) that he is not a fugitive from the justice of the demanding state. Both of these are jurisdictional matters, and, if the accused can establish either, he is entitled to be discharged from custody. The first is a question of law *665 to be determined upon tbe face of tbe requisition and tbe indictment or affidavit accompanying it, tbe law of tbe demanding state, of course, furnishing tbe test, while tbe second is a question of fact which, when controverted, may be established by evidence like any other disputed fact. Com. ex. rel. Flower v. Supt. of Prison, 220 Pa., 401, 69 Atl., 916, 21 L. R. A. (N. S.), 939; S. v. Adams, 192 N. C., 787, 136 S. E., 116. On receipt of a requisition in proper form, it is tbe duty of tbe governor of tbe asylum state, under tbe Federal Constitution (Art. IV, sec. 2) and act of Congress (U. S. Comp. Stat., 1918, sec. 10126), to issue bis warrant for tbe arrest of tbe accused. This, when challenged on habeas corpus proceeding, should disclose on its face: (1) That a demand by tbe executive has been made for tbe party in custody as a fugitive from justice, and that tbe demand is accompanied by a copy .of tbe indictment or affidavit, charging him with having committed a crime within tbe demanding state; (2) that tbe copy of such indictment or affidavit was certified as authentic by tbe governor of tbe state making tbe demand; and (3) that tbe person demanded is a fugitive from justice. Roberts v. Reilly, 116 U. S., 80; Ex parte Reggel, 114 U. S., 642. It is tbe generally accepted rule that an accused, held in tbe asylum state on an extradition warrant, issued pursuant to tbe requisition of tbe executive of tbe demanding state, cannot defeat bis extradition by proof, on habeas corpus proceeding, of bis innocence of tbe charge for which it is sought to extradite him, since tbe right to extradite does not depend on guilt, but on flight from charge of guilt. Ex parte Larney, 4 Ohio N. P., 304. Thus, it is tbe bolding in many jurisdictions that tbe courts of tbe asylum state will not, on habeas corpus bearing, inquire into tbe guilt or innocence of tbe accused. This is a matter for tbe courts of tbe demanding state. Drew v. Shaw, 235 U. S., 432; Munsey v. Clough, 196 U. S., 364; Note, 21 L. R. A. (N. S.), 939. In tbe instant proceeding tbe learned judge may have assigned, in part at least, tbe wrong reason for bis judgment, if tbe extradition warrant were considered by him, but as tbe record fails to show any criminal charge against tbe accused in tbe State of Georgia — tbe requisition papers not having been sent up — we cannot say that tbe error, if any, is reversible. On certiorari, as well as on appeal, tbe party who alleges error must show it. It is not presumed. Jones v. Candler, ante, 382. Affirmed.