State v. . Davidson

OuaRe:, J. Acts 1895, Ob. 285, Section 1, provides, “In all cases of larceny where the value of the property stolen does not exceed $20 the punishment shall for the first offence not exceed imprisonment in the penitentiary or common jail, for a longer term than one year.” Section 2 excepts from the operation of this Act larceny from the person or from a dwelling by breaking and entering in the day time. Section 3 provides that in all cases of doubt the jury shall fix in the verdict the value of the property stolen. In the present case the defendant was convicted of larceny in the Criminal Circuit Court of Buncombe upon an indictment charging the value of the propery at one dollar. The indictment did not charge that the defendant had been theretofore convicted of any larceny. The Court, however, sentenced the defendant to imprisonment for four years upon his admission of a former conviction for larceny. On appeal to the Superior Court that Court adjudged the sentence of the Criminal Court illegal and remanded the case that a proper sentence might be entered, from which judgment the Solicitor appealed to this Court. The'Code, Section 1187, prescribes that when a second conviction is punished with other or greater punishment than for a first conviction the first conviction shall be charged in the manner therein set out, and what proof shall be sufficient evidence thereof. When the property stolen is charged of less value than $20 (or when charged at more than that value, if it is found by the jury to he of less value than $20) no punishment greater than one year’s imprisonment can be inflicted unless it is charged in the indictment that the defendant has been formerly convicted of larceny, except that *844 should the proof show that the larceny was from the person or by breaking and entering a dwelling house in the day time the defendant can not claim the protection of this statute, and hence it is not necessary to charge in tire indictment the manner of the larceny. Stake v. Bynum, 117 N. C., 749. If the larceny was committed in the manner specified in the 2nd Section of the Act (by taking from the person or breaking into a dwelling in the day time) the case falls under the general statute and though the goods stolen are of less value than $20 allegation and proof as to former conviction become immaterial. State v. Harris, 119 N. C., 811. In the case before us, the larceny was not' committed in either of the modes mentioned in Section 2, and the value of the goods being charged at less than $20, and no previous conviction for larceny being alleged in the bill, it was erroneous to pass sentence of imprisonment for more than one year. Whether there was a former conviction or not was for the jury not for the Court. Had the bill charged that this was not the first offence, then the defendant’s admission that he had been formerly convicted of larceny would have been competent to prove the charge, but in the absence of such charge (as provided by Section 1187 of The Code) the admission if believed, was probata without allegata and of no effect. This case differs materially from State v. Wilson, 121 N. C., 654, where the Judge imposing a sentence plainly within his discretion, recited in his judgment the former convictions of the defendant as a reason for the severity of his sentence. The defendant further insisted that no appeal lay in behalf of the State, from the decision of the Superior Court. As the appeal to that Court and its decision thereon are purely upon questions of law, State v. Hinson, 123 N. C., 755, it would seem that the State should be entitled to an appeal *845 to this Court from the judgment of the Superior Court, but the Legislature by inadvertence has so far failed to so provide, in The Code, Section 1237, and while, from its public importance, we pass upon the point presented, we feel constrained to dismiss the appeal — the same course which was taken in Hinson’s case, supra. Appeal dismissed.