Lee v. Railroad

CONNOR. J., after stating the facts. There was no evidence tending to show that the term “shipside” had any special or peculiar meaning when used in a bill of lading other than that which was usually and generally given to it. It would seem, giving the word its ordinary signification, that it was a direction to the carrier to deliver the cotton at some wharf accessible to its track in New Orleans to which a ship could come. In the absence of anything on the bill of lading to signify what ship was to receive the cotton, the *535 consignee would have to notify tbe carrier. Tbe cotton was shipped to tbe plaintiff’s order. We can see nothing in the bill of lading indicating to tbe defendant that the plaintiffs had contracted with any ship to carry the cotton or had become liable for the freight room, and in the absence of such notice the carrier is not liable for such damages as accrued by reason of a special contract made by the plaintiffs with the shipowners, and they cannot be said to have been within the contemplation of the parties. It is immaterial whether we treat the cause of action as for a breach of contract or for a negligent omission to perform a public duty arising out of a contract. The damages in either case are confined to such as were reasonably within the contemplation of the parties when the contract was made by which the duty to the plaintiffs was assumed. This Court, in Lindley v. Railroad, 88 N. C., 547, held that for failure to deliver freight, when the carrier is not informed of the special circumstances causing the loss of the plaintiffs’ contract with other persons, the measure of damage is the difference between the market value of the article at the time it ought to have been delivered and the time it was in fact delivered. Joyce on Damages, sec. 1956, thus states the rule: “Where the delivery of freight is negligently delayed by a carrier, there may be in an action for the breach of the contract recovery of such damages as are the natural and proximate result of its act, and for such as reasonably might have been expected to be within the contemplation of the parties at the time of entering into the contract, as the probable result of a breach. When the carrier has notice of the fact that a delay in the delivery of the goods will result in an unusual loss or some special damage to the shipper, there may be a recovery for the actual damages sustained, when the notice is of such a character that it will be presumed that the carrier contracted with reference thereto.” Swift River Co. *536 v. Railroad, 169 Mass., 326, 61 Am. St. Rep., 288. The word “shipside,” in the absence of any evidence giving it other than a general meaning, did not give to the defendant notice that the plaintiffs had made a special contract with a steamship company in regard to carrying the cotton to Genoa. There is not the slightest indication in the bill of lading as to what place or in what ship the cotton was to be carried. The exception cannot be sustained. What we have said disposes of the second exception. In the absence of any notice to the carrier that the plaintiffs had made a special contract for the sale of the cotton, and would sustain a special loss for failure to deliver it within a reasonable time, the measure of damages is the difference in the value of the cotton at the time it should have heen and the time it was delivered. There being no evidence of any such difference, the Court below correctly instructed the jury to award the plaintiffs the interest on the amount invested during the time the cotton was negligently delayed. Cotton Mills v. Railroad, 119 N. C., 693, 56 Am. St. Rep., 682. The principle is stated with great clearness in 5 Am. & Eng. Ency., 384, and sustained by a large array of cases cited from English and American Courts. Negligence of Imposed Duties (Ray), 343. The ruling of his Honor was correct, and the judgment must be Affirmed. Douglas, J., dissenting.