Brock v. . Scott

Allen, J. The pendency of the action commenced before the justice of the peace, at the time this action was instituted in the Superior Court, did not justify the judgment of dismissal, because a judgment of nonsuit was entered in the former action before pleadings were filed in this or it came on for trial. Grubbs v. Ferguson, 136 N. C., 60; Cook v. Cook, ante, 46. In the ease last cited, Justice Iloke, speaking for the Court, says: “As a general rule, this right to plead the pendency of another action between the same parties before judgment had is regarded to a large extent as a rule of xeonvenien ce, resting on the principle embodied in the maxim, 'Nemo debet bis vexare,’ etc. The defect is one that can be waived, and it may also be cured by dismissing the prior action at any time before the hearing.” Nor do we think it is true, as contended by the defendant, that the Superior Court has no jurisdiction of the plaintiff’s cause of action. *516 The plaintiff alleges in his complaint facts which, if true, entitle him to a judgment for more than $200, and it has been repeatedly held that it is the sum demanded in good faith which determines the jurisdiction. Sloan, v. R. R., 126 N. C., 487; Cromer v. Marsha, 122 N. C., 564; Horner School v. Wescott, 124 N. C., 518; Boyd v. Lumber Co., 132 N. C., 186; Shankle v. Ingram, 133 N. C., 254; Thompson v. Express Co., 144 N. C., 392. The fact that the plaintiff was mistaken as to the legal effect of remitting the excess over $200, in order to confer jurisdiction on the justice, and cannot now recover more than that sum, does not oust the jurisdiction. In Boyd v. Lumber Co., supra, the sum demanded was $225, and the plaintiff admitted on the trial that he was not entitled to recover more than $178.25, and Justice Walicer says, in discussing a motion to nonsuit, which was denied: “The aggregate sum demanded in good faith is the test of jurisdiction, and if the plaintiff claimed more than $200, the fact that he failed in his proof to. establish all of his claim did not oust the jurisdiction of the court. The plaintiff may claim a sum sufficient to give the court jurisdiction and a part of his claim may be based upon an erroneous j>rinciple of law, and for this reason he may fail to recover that part, and the total recovery may therefore fall short of the jurisdictional amount; but the court will still have jurisdiction of the case and may award judgment for the smaller sum, provided it appears that the right to recover the larger amount was asserted in good faith.” And in Horner School v. Wescott, supra, it was held that the Superior Court had jurisdiction of a cause of action based on a contract, the plaintiff demanding $479.25, when he was mistaken as to the construction of the contract and under its terms could not recover more than $200. There is no suggestion that the plaintiff was not acting in good faith and did not believe that he was entitled to recover the amount demanded, and no reason can be assigned, upon the facts appearing in the record, for taking a nonsuit in the action commenced before the justice, except that he believed he was entitled to and would claim the full sum alleged 'to be due *517 Mm, as an appeal bad been taken, and the case would be tried in the Superior Court in any event. We are of opinion, however, that the act of the plaintiff in' remitting the excess over $200 in order to confer jurisdiction on the justice operates as a release, and that the recovery must be limited to that sum. The statute, Eevisal, sec. 1421, provides that, “Where it appears in any action brought before a justice, that the principal sum demanded exceeds $200, the justice shall dismiss the action and render a judgment against the plaintiff for the costs, unless the plaintiff shall remit the excess of the principal above $200, with the interest on said excess, and shall, at the time of filing his complaint, direct the justice to make this entry: ‘The plaintiff in this action forgives and remits to the defendant so much of the principal of this claim as is in excess of $200, together with the interest on said excess.’ ” The justice of the peace has no jurisdiction in civil actions founded on contract, if the sum demanded, exclusive of interest, exceeds $200, and the plain purposes of section 1421 of the Eevisal is to give to one holding a debt the opportunity of a speedy trial before a justice, by reducing his debt to $200, instead of requiring him to wait for a term of the Superior Oourt. The plaintiff was not compelled to sue before a justice, but he had the privilege of doing so,' and the statute imposes as a condition to the exercise of this privilege that he “forgive and remit to the defendant” so much of the principal of the claim as is in excess of $200, which is in effect a release. If this is not the correct interpretation of the statute, it would seem that but one other conclusion could be reached, and that is, that the plaintiff having a claim in excess of $200 can remit the excess and recover judgment for $200, and hold the excess as a claim against the debtor, which could not have been contemplated. The case of Coggins v. Harrell, 86 N. C., 320, sustains tMs view. In that case the plaintiff sued a surety on the bond of a constable, the penalty of the bond being $4,000, to recover $140, and undertook to remit the penalty of the bond in excess of $140, and the Oourt, after holding that the plaintiff did not *518 have the right to remit, says: “If this plaintiff could remit the penalty of the bond as attempted in this case, the bond would be satisfied by the judgment rendered upon it, and no action would lie for any further breaches thereof by other parties claiming to be injured thereby.” We conclude that the Superior Court has jurisdiction, but that the plaintiff cannot recover more than $200 principal money. Reversed.