Blackmer v. . Phillips

Pearson. C. J. On the case agreed, the plaintiff insists that he is entitled to judgmentthat the defendant pay to him the ¿mount of the two notes, given by defendant to Smith, for the balance of the purchase money, or else that the house and lot be sold to satisfy the same. On the contrary, the defendant insists, that as he has paid the amount of the two notes to Holmes, who was a Iona fide holder, for full value and without notice, by endorsement of the notes before maturity, he has performed the condition of the contract of sale on his part, and is entitled to judgment that the plaintiff convey to him the legal estate in the house and lot. The two notes given by the defendant to Smith, for the balance of the purchase money, were negotiable, and we see no principle on which it can be contended that a bona fide holder, by endorsement before maturity, had not a right to receive payment of the same. The balance of the purchase money being- thus paid, we can see no principle on which it can bo contended that Phillips is not entitled to have a conveyance of the legal estate, according to the title bond executed to him by Smith. It was urged by the plaintiff’s counsel, that the effect of the sheriff’s deed was not only to vest in Blackmer the legal title to the house and lot, but also to vest in him the ownership of the two notes, as an incident to the land, so that an endorsement by Smith, after his title in the notes'was thus divested, is void and can have no legal effect. The two notes were negotiable, and according to the law merchant, a bona fide endorsee, before maturity, took them free from all equities or drawbacks, except endorsed payments. This settles the question. "We are not to be understood as conceding the position that the plaintiff, by the sale and sheriff's *343 deed for the house and lot, acquired not only the legal estate in the house and lot, but also became the owner of the two notes, as “ incident” thereto. We look upon it, in the view* of considering the two notes, as the principal or primary matter, to secure the payment of which the legal estate was retained by Smith, the vendor. So the legal title in the house and lot was retained as an incident to secure the payment of the two notes given for the balance oí the purchase money. The effect oí the contract oí sale — payment oí a part of the purchase money- — the two notes for the balance, and bond to make title, was to vest in the vendee (the defendant) an equitable estate in the land ; in other words, in equity, Phillips thereby became the owner of the house and lot, subject to the incumbrance of paying the balance of the purchase money before lie could call for a conveyance of the legal estate. -So that Smith held the legal estate as a trustee, in the first place, to secure payment of the two n^tes, and then in trust to convey to Phillips. As Smith held the legal estate, assuming that it was liable to sale under execution ,• what did the purchaser acquire by the sale and sheriff’s deed ? The sheriff was only authorized to sell the lands and tenements ot the defendant in the execution, that of course passed by his deed ; but how could the sale of the house and lot have the effect of passing the title to the two notes? To this interrogatory,the learned counsel could only reply “ it passed as an incident to the land,” and the land was bound from the time of the “judgment docketed,” admit that the land was bound, how does it follow that the two notes passed by the sheriff’s deed ? The two notes were not the subject ot execution. The sheriff did not sell them, and bad no power to do so. According to the case of Giles v. Palmer 4, Jones 386, the sheriff’s sale passed the naked legal title, and the pvuchaser could get a judgment in an action of ejectment: but it is said in that case, “ should the plaintiff attempt to deprive the trustee oí the possession of the premises, the remedy *344 of the cestui que trust will be in a Court of equity.” This control which has been exercised by Courts of equity, accounts for the fact that the legal title of trustees has been seldom ever interfered with. The widow of a trustee is entitled to dower, and yet it is never claimed; for the reason, that an injunction would issue. A mortgagee dies, the land desends to the heir, and the widow gets dower, but the debt, belongs to the personal representative, and upon payment to him, the heir and widow will be decreed to make title. This is a matter of every days occurrence, no one has ever insisted that the debt passed with the land “ as an incident.” In our case, if Smith had died, the land would have desended to the heir, but “ the two-notes” would have belonged to his personal representative, and on payment to him, Phillips would have been entitled to call upon the heir for a conveyance of the legal title, or accepted a deed from,the administrator The idea that by a purchase at sheriffs sale of the legal estate^Smitlythe plaintiff, (who held in trust tOj secure the payment of the two notes, and then in trust to make title to Phillips,) not only got the legal estate, but "also acquired a right to the two notes for the balance of the ■purchase money, is so “ wide of the mark,” especially when this right is asserted against a bona fide holder, that we would not seriously discuss it-, except for the tact that the plaintiff' is a member of the profession, and the learned counsel who argued the case for him, seemed to bemuch in earnest, although he did not cite any case, or give any reason m support of the position, that the two notes passed to the plaintiff, as incident to his purchase of the legal estate. The action is for the amount of the two notes, and not for the house and lot, except to have it sold, if necessary, to satisfy the two notes. So the gravamen is the right of.the plaintiff to the two notes, and the matter is not complicated by an action to recover the land upon the legal title, and thus force the defendant into equity under the old system; or-to his equitable defense under the new mode of procedure; thus marching directly up to the question, and *345 showing confidence m the position. The matter is too plain for further discussion. I will only ask a question by way of illustration. A deed is made to A, in trust to sell and pay certain creditors. A is one of the secured creditors. The estate of A in the property is sold at execution sale, docs the purchaser of the sheriff’s deed acquire title to the debt which is due to A, and is secured by the deed of trust? There is no error. Per Curiam. Judgment affirmed.