Mizell v. Dennis Simmons Lumber Co.

Brown, J. At common law, when a vendor of land contracted for a valuable consideration to sell it and entered into a bond to execute title and died before doing so, bis beirs at law, or bis devisee of tbe land, were tbe proper persons upon wbom tbe vendee must call for a conveyance. In a suit in equity to compel sucb conveyance, tbe beirs or devi-see were necessary parties. To expedite and simplify the completion of sucb contracts, the following statute was enacted: “Tbat when any deceased person shall bave bona fide sold any lands and shall bave given a bond or other written contract to the purchaser to convey the same, and the bond or other written contract bath been duly proved and registered in the county where the lands are situated . . . bis executor, administrator or collector may execute a deed to the purchaser conveying sucb estate as shall be specified in the bond or other written contract; and sucb deed shall convey the title as fully as if it bad been executed by the deceased obligor: Provided, tbat no deed shall be made but upon payment of the price, if this be the condition of the bond or other written contract.” Rev., sec. 83. According to the findings of fact, the defendant bad never closed the contract by exercising the option and buying the land during the testator’s lifetime. Had this been done, then we think, under the terms of the statute, the administrator would bave bad the undoubted right to receive the purchase money and execute the deed. But in our opinion, an option is not sucb a contract as is contemplated by the statute, for tbat evidently refers to a contract binding on both parties to it at the death of the owner of the land. An open option is not sucb contract, but merely a right acquired by contract to accept or reject a present offer within a limited or reasonable time. As said by Mr. Justice Connor in Trogden v. Williams, 144 N. C., 199: “There is -a marked and well-defined distinction between a contract in which both parties are bound to sell and convey land, postponing tbe delivery of tbe deed and payment of tbe purchase money until some fixed day, even when made dependent upon some condition, and a mere promise on tbe part of tbe promisor to permit tbe promisee to elect at tbe end of a fixed day whether be will at tbat time enter into a contract of purchase. Tbe relative rights and obligations are entirely different and are governed by different principles.” Therefore, it is held tbat a power under a will given to executors to sell land and enter into a mutual contract to sell with tbe purchaser *71 does not confer upon tbe executors tbe power to give an option to pur-case the land. Trogden v. Williams, supra. In Winders v. Kenan, 161 N. C., 633, Mr. Justice Allen very clearly points out the difference between-an option and the usual closed contract to sell land in these words: “It (an option) is a contract to give another the right to buy and not a contract to sell; and it is because of the fact that the other party is not compelled to. buy that it is spoken of as an option.” In case of the option not being exercised during the life of the owner, the land descends to bis heirs; and if the option is unexpired and based upon a valuable consideration, the bolder of the option must make the demand upon the beirs or devisee and tender the option price to them and not to the administrator or executor, wbo bas no right to receive it. Tbis question is practically settled by tbis Court in Timber Co. v. Wells, 171 N. C., 264, where Mr. Justice Hoke says: “Tbe cases on the subject are to the effect, further, that a stipulation of the kind now presented, providing for an extension of the time within which the timber must be cut, is in the nature of an option, and it is held by the great weight of authority that contracts of tbis character do not of themselves create any interest in the property, but only amount to an offer to create or convey such an interest when the conditions are performed, and working a forfeiture when not strictly complied with. Waterman v. Banks, 144 U. S., 394; Hacher v. Weston, 197 Mass., 143; Gaston v. School District, 94 Mich., 502; Newton v. Newton, 11 R. I., 390; Bostwick v. Hess, 80 Ill., 138. “Our own decisions are in general approval of these principles. Ward v. Albertson, 165 N. C., 218; Winders v. Kenan, 161 N. C., 628; Bateman v. Lumber Co., 154 N. C., 248; Hornthal v. Howcott, 154 N. C., 228; and from this it follows that where the time first provided in one of these timber deeds and paid for bas passed, and it becomes necessary for the grantee to bold by reason of the performance of the stipulation for an extension, that the estate or interest arises at the time the conditions are complied with, and, in the absence of any provision in bis deed to the contrary, the price paid belongs to him wbo then bas the title and from whose ownership the interest is then created. Tbe option or privilege obtained, to the extent of the right conferred, is a contract attendant upon the title, and, as stated, unless otherwise specified in the deed conveying the title, the price for the interest arising on proper performance of the conditions will inure to the owner. It is from bis estate that the interest passes, and be must receive the purchase price.” Tbe same point is presented in Timber Co. v. Bryan, 171 N. C., 266, where tbe same learned Judge said: “In accordance with our decisions in tbe case of Lumber Co. v. Wells, we must bold that tbe right to tbis *72 fund is in the beirs. Tbe title having descended to them, it is from their estate that the interest arises and they are entitled to receive the purchase price.” And'again: “This provision in the deed for an extension of the time was an ojition, an offer to confer the right which matured only at the time the conditions were complied with. Tbe property was then owned by the beirs, and the price to be paid for the interest then arising out of their ownership must, in our opinion, inure to them.” We think that it necessarily follows from these decisions that when Jesse Mizell died, tbe defendant should have notified tbe plaintiff, tbe devisee of tbe optioned land, of its acceptance of tbe option and should have tendered tbe purchase money to him and demanded a deed. Plaintiff is entitled to an injunction and to a final judgment upon tbe facts stated. Reversed.