Tankard v. . Tankard

Dillard, J. The affirmance in this court of the judgment in the court below was based, as will be seen on reference to the opinion in 79 N. C., 54, on two grounds; first, that some of the issues were badly constructed, and espe-ciacly the 7th one, wherein alternative inquiries were put to the jury, so that a single response thereto was without *289 meaning; and secondly, and chiefly, for that the finding of a purchase by the plaintiff for value and without notice of the equity of Ransom Tankard, in answer to the 3rd issue, was a contradiction to the reply of plaintiff, wherein he admitted a possession by Ransom, from the tiustee’s sale in 1849 to his death in 1872, and a possession by the defendants, his heirs at law since that time, which in law was notice to him of that equity. On a careful examination of the case of appeal, it seems to us that apart from the grounds on which the judgment, of affirmance was pronounced in this court, there are other-issues and responses thereto free from all objection on which the court below might have proceeded to judgment on plaintiff ’s.motion, and which in law authorized a reversal of the: ruling below aird the entry of a judgment in this court. The jury find in answer to the 1st and 4th issues in substance, that Oliver Tankard, under whom the plaintiff derives his title, purchased the land in controversy at the sale-in 1849, under an agreement with Ransom that he wouldi buy for his benefit, and that at the sale he made known to-bidders that he was buying for his brother and his family,, and that thereby he purchased the land at less than its. value. Upon this finding alone it is undeniable that the-relation of trustee and cestui que trust was created. And thereupon an equity arose to Ransom to have Oliver declared a. trustee of the legal title, and on re-payment of the purchase money to have a conveyance thereof, to himand this his. equity on his death descended to defendants who are his heirs at law; and they may assert and enforce the same-equity now against the plaintiff, the vendee of Oliver, if he took with notice, actual or constructive, of the equity in, favor of their ancestor. Mulholland v. York, 82 N. C., 510, and eases therein ci-ted. But the jury find in answer to the 2nd issue, that no part'-, of the money paid by Oliver in purchase of the land has *290 been repaid, and this being so, the defendants' right to have the title is not affected thereby, otherwise than by being obliged to do equity of repaying the purchase money before the} could have the relief they ask. The right of the defendants to redeem the laird on the above facts is indisputable against Oliver Tankard, and if the plaintiff purchased from him with notice of that equity, actual or constructive, then the same right extends to him .also. So the only question of fact to be found, in order to determine the liability of the plaintiff to be adjudged a trustee for defendant, and his right in that event to have repaid the money at which his vendor purchased the land, was the fact, whether he had purchased with or without notice of the equitable right of Ransom Tankard. As to this fact of notice by plaintiff, the defendants allege that he had notice of the equity at the time of his purchase, if not actual, at least constructive notice, from the fact of Ransom’s possession from the trustee’s sale in 1849, up to ■and at the time of plaintiff’s purchase, and thereafter to ’his death in 1872. And the plaintiff in his reply, although denying notice, distinctly admits the possession of Ransom :at and before and after his purchase as alleged by defendants. Yet at the trial, an issue was put to the jury as to •notice, and in response thereto the jury found that plaintiff ■purchased without notice of the equity of defendants’ ancestor. This finding of the jury in the decision of this court was the difficulty in the way of any judgment on plaintiff’s motion on the other facts found aud admitted in ‘the pleadings. In our opinion the 3rd issue, in view of the admitted possession of Ransom at the time of plaintiff’s purchase, claiming as the jury find under a trust in O. H. T. Tankard, was an unnecessary issue, and the response thereto was of no legal significance whatever in determin-ing the sentence of the law on the other facts found and admitted. *291 We take it to be a well settled doctrine in equity and a recognized doctrine in our law, that a purchaser with notice of a trustor equity existing against his vendor is bound by such equities, and that besides actual notice there is a constructive notice raised by presumption of the law from the actual possession of the equitable claimant. The latter kind of notice is based not on the idea that actual ■occupation is evidence of notice, to be weighed and given such weight as a jury may think it entitled to, but upon the idea that in ordinary prudence a purchaser before lie buys ought to ascertain who is in possession, and if anyone, then by what right or claim he possesses. Under this rule an actual possession is a fact that the purchaser ought to know ; and the right by which the possessor holds is also a fact he might know by inquiry, and therefore the law presumes that he does know it. The legal presumption thus made of notice is a conclusive one, not open to averment to the contrary or rebuttal on issue to the jury. This effect of notice presumed from the actual possession of another is settled to be the law of this state in Edwards v. Thompson, 71 N. C., 177, and cases therein cited. In that case, Rodman, J., says, “ that on policy an open, notorious, and exclusive possession in a person other than one’s vendor is a fact of which a purchaser must inform himself, and he is conclusively' presumed to have done so.” And so likewise it is held that he is taken to know because he might know by inquiry of the equitable title of the party in possession. Adams Eq., 158; 5 Johns. Chan. Rep., 39; and cases in note to 2 White & Tudor’s Leading Cases, 116. Such being the effect of notice presumed from possession, it is clear from the admissions by plaintiff in his reply of a continuous possession by Ransom Tankard at the time of his purchase, and before and after, and up to his death, that -plaintiff is conclusively to be taken as notified of his equity., now descended to defendants, and no finding of the jury ,to *292 the contrary on an issue unnecessarily put to them can avail to supersede an established' rule of law. Now putting this finding of the jury of a purchaser without notice out of the case, as being entitled to no import or consideration, then we have a purchase by Oliver, the vendor of plaintiff, of Ransom’s land for less than its value, under a promise to let him have it back on repayment of the purchase money, which has never been repaid; and we have the further fact of a purchase by the plaintiff with a notice of Ransom’s equity presumed from his possession. On these facts found on issues and admitted in the pleadings, to which there is no objection on the score of obscurity, inconsistency or otherwise, we think it was competent to the court below on plaintiff’s motion, which was an assent to be held as trustee of the title for defendants, to have adjudged such trust and ordered a conveyance on repayment of the purchase money,or in default of such payment, then to have decreed a sale and a payment out of the proceeds, and the excess if any to defendants. We must-declare it to be our opinion that there was error in the refusal of the court below to proceed to judgment as° above indicated, and also in this court in the affirmance of that judgment. The judgment pronounced in this court i& reversed, and a judgment may be entered nowin conformity to this opinion.. Error. Reversed,