Mitchell v. . Henderson and Another

Diok, J. The principle involved in this case, was fully •considered, and decided at the last term of this Court; Gibson v. Groner, ante 10. As the distinctions between the common law forms of action •ex contractu are now abolished, (Const. Art. IY, Sec. 1,) and the remedy for the enforcement of all kinds of contracts, is a civil action,” there ought to be an uniformity as to the currency in which judgments are to be entered. Both in England and in this' country the currency and the method of counting it, are established by law, and all legal proceedings are to be kept in conformity to such regulations. *644 In England judgments are entered in pounds, shillings and pence; and in this country, they must be entered in dollars and cents, Act of April 2nd, 1792. Sec- 20. In this country we hare two kinds of currency differing in value, i. e., coin, and Treasury notes. We have been unable to find any authority to warrant a judgment in coin, in one action for a money demand, and in another-action of the same kind a judgment for Treasury notes; or in the same action an alternative judgment for coin or Treasury notes. At common law in the action of debt in the detinetfor goods, and in the action of detinue, a judgment may be rendered in the alternative, “ that the plaintiff recover the goods, 'or the valu'e thereof if he cannot have the goods, &c,” but we remember no other judgments of like character. We think, that the law does not authorize two such forms of judgment tor money demands; and therefore hold that the value of all contracts, whether simple contracts, or specialties, must in a civil action be estimated in United States Treasury Notes, and judgment be rendered for such amount, solvable in currency. Where there is an express contract for the payment of coin,. ■ the depreciation of Treasury notes must be ascertained and added to the nominal amount of coin agreed upon. We adopt this rule of law for uniformity and convenience,, as coin is now practically an article of commerce, and is rarely used as currency, and as the Act of February 25th 1862 makes Treasury notes a legal tender in the payment of debts. The-technical objections to this rule of law, arising from the nature and form of the common law actions, no longer exists, and the civil action substituted by the Code is sufficiently broadin its operation to give adequate remedy for the enforcement of all contracts. The case before us, is an action of assumpsit, and even at common law, there was no difficulty in the jury assessing damages in treasury notes for the non-performance of the coin contract. There was error in the ruling of his Honor in the- *645 Court below, but as be acted in conformity with a Militaryorder then in force, each party must pay his own costs in> this Court. (C. 0. P. Sec. 278). Venire de novo awarded. Let this be certified. PeR Curiam. Venire de novo»-