Gainey v. Telegraph Co.

Walker, J., after stating tbe facts. Tbis case is not like any one of tbe numerous cases we bave decided upon tbe subject of tbe liability of a telegraph company in damages for its negligent failure to deliver a message, but we do not tbink tbe question involved, when considered with reference to tbe facts appearing in the record, is at all difficult of solution. It is undoubtedly true, as argued by tbe learned counsel for tbe plaintiff, that tbe company is not exempted from liability, merely because tbe person addressed may chance to live outside its free delivery limits, because it undertakes expressly, and by tbe very terms of its contract, to make a delivery within those limits free of any charge, and, impliedly, at least, to deliver beyond tbe fixed limits, for which latter service an extra charge is made, not exceeding in amount tbe actual cost of such special delivery. Tbe language of tbe contract in tbis respect is as follows: “Messages will be delivered free within tbe established free delivery limits of tbe terminal office. Eor delivery at a greater distance, a special charge will be made to cover tbe cost of such delivery.” AVe have held that when a message is received at a terminal office to which it has been transmitted for delivery to tbe person addressed, it is tbe duty of tbe company to make diligent search to find him and, if be cannot be found, to wire back to tbe office from which tbe message came for a better address, and likewise it is tbe duty of tbe company, when it has discovered that tbe person for whom tbe message is intended lives beyond its free delivery limits, either to deliver it by a special messenger or to wire back and demand payment, or a guarantee of payment, as it may choose to do, of tbe charge for tbe special delivery and, if it fails to deliver without demanding and being refused payment of tbe charge it will *264 be liable for its default. It is not liable, though, if the sender of the message, when proper demand is made, refuses to pay the extra charge for a special delivery beyond the limits established for free delivery by the company, provided those limits are reasonable. Hendricks v. Telegraph Co., 126 N. C., 310, 78 Am. St. Rep., 658; Bryan v. Telegraph Co., 133 N. C., 603; Telegraph Co. v. Moore, 12 Ind. App., 136, 54 Am. St. Rep., 515. To what extent this doctrine should be carried or how far beyond.the free delivery limits the company*should be required, in any given case, to make a special delivery, we need not now consider, as the question is not presented in this particular appeal. Our case must be decided upon its own peculiar facts, and we can derive little or no aid, except by analogy, from the decisions. The message which was sent to the plaintiff clearly indicated that Eayetteville was the terminal office on the line of defendant to which the message was to be sent, and that the message, when transmitted from Live Oak and received at that office, would have to be transferred to the mails for delivery to the plaintiff. If this is not true, why was there a double address, one to Eayetteville and one to Idaho ? There is another significant fact in the case: The message was not only addressed to Eayetteville as the farthest reach of the telegraph service, but Idaho was indicated, not as a place merely of the plaintiff’s residence in the vicinity of Eayetteville, but as his postoffice or the place where he received his mail. If the parties intended that the message should be sent to Eay-etteville and then given to a special messenger and carried to the sendee at Idaho, why not use the simple word “Idaho,” without the prefix “P. 0.” ? But if it was their purpose that the message should go to Eayetteville by wire and then a written copy be mailed to the sendee at Idaho, it would be perfectly natural to use the prefix, and we can readily understand in such a case why it should have been done. *265 Again, it appears on the face of the telegram that celerity in the communication between the parties was not in this case the sole inducement for using the electric telegraph. Tbe sender no doubt wished the message to reach the plaintiff sooner than would have a letter, if mailed on the same day at Mayo or Live Oak, but for some unexplained reason it was not expected that the sendee should reply by wire to the telegram We at first thought that there may have been a mistake in the transmission of the message, but it was admitted in the argument to have been received just as it was sent. Why the sendee should have been requested to write if be could come when bis letter could not reach Mayo for two days, and perhaps after the interment, we do not understand, unless be was not much expected to come or, at least, not until after the burial, because of the great distance between the two places. Besides, the plaintiff could have reached Mayo as soon as a letter could be transmitted by mail, and, if be went, there was no need of writing. But whatever the reason of this peculiar wording of the message, we think if the plaintiff was requested to use the mails, the defendant may well be excused for doing likewise. It is so apparent from the language of the telegram that the company bad the right to suppose that it was expected not to make a special delivery but simply to post the message at Fayetteville, that there is no conceivable ground upon which we could bold it to have been negligent to deliver by mail instead of by a special messenger. Tbe message also conclusively showed that there was no telegraph office at Idaho, otherwise it would have been addressed directly to the sendee at that place. That being so, what is saidNy this Court through Clark, C. J., in Bryan v. Telegraph Co., 133 N. C., 603, fits the case: “Tbe officer at the receiving point could not have given the sender any information which be did not already have. It was bis own negligence not to have paid the special delivery charges, *266 if a special delivery was required.” Telegraph Co. v. Hen derson,, 89 Ala., 510, 18 Am. St. Rep., 148; Telegraph Co. v. Matthews, 101 Ky., 663; Telegraph Co. v. Taylor, 3 Tex. Civ. App., 310; Telegraph Co. v. Swearinjen, 95 Tex., 420. Hut, as we bave shown, a special delivery outside of Fayette-ville was not in the minds of the parties. The insuperable objection to the plaintiff’s recovery is that the contract of the company, as evidenced by the message and attendant circumstances, if given the most favorable construction for him, does not bring this case within any recognized principle imposing liability upon the defendant for a breach of its duty. If the plaintiff has lost, he has not been injured, as it is expressed in one of the maxims of the law, and the Court was right in dismissing his action. No Error.