Lunsford v. . Speaks

MacjRak, J.: The principal question presented is whether in this case the burden is upon the plaintiff to show that the power of sale had been duly executed. Upon examination we find no express authority on the subject in this State, and the authorities are conflicting elsewhere. All agree that the essential requisites of the power must be strictly complied with (2 Perry on Trusts, sec. 602, p. —), and that Courts will strictly scrutinize sales under powers in deeds of mortgage. It is said in the first edition of Jones on Mortgages (1878), at section 1830, upon the question of burden of proof as to notice: “When the validity of a sale under a power is questioned by the debtor on the ground that the advertisement of the sale was not made in pursuance of the deed, the burden of proving a proper advertisement rests upon the purchaser or other party insisting upon the sale,” and reference is made to Gibson v. Jones, 5 Leigh., 370. The same proposition is laid down in 1st Dovlen on Deeds, sec.-447 : “ Compliance with the power where notice is required must be shown by parties relying upon the validity of the sale,” and reference is made to Gibson v. Jones, supra, and Hahn v. Tindell, 1 Bush., 358. And in 2 Perry on Trusts, sec. 782, upon the same authorities, the text says: “ If notice is required by the power, those persons relying upon the validity of the sale must show that *613 the power was complied with.” To the same effect is Wood v. Lake, 62 Ala., 489, citing other authorities. Chancellor Kent, however, indicated a different opinion in Minuse v. Cox, 5 Johns., ch. 447: “That want of notice would not affect the title of the purchaser, hut that the trustee would be liable for the deficiency in the price.” The question was carefully examined in Savings Society v. Deering, 66 Cal., 281, and the Court came to the conclusion that in an action of ejectment by the purchaser evidence dehors the deed is not necessary to show title and right of possession in the plaintiff. And in the fourth edition of Jones on Mortgages, sec. 1830, it is said : “When the validity of a sale under a power is questioned on the ground that the advertisement of the sale was not made in pursuance of the deed, the better opinion is that in an action at law it will be presumed, after the execution of the deed under the power of sale to the purchaser, that all the terms of the power and all requirements as to notice have been complied with. Certainly, in an action of ejectment by the purchaser against the grantor or other person in possession, no evidence, aside from the deed to such purchaser and the recitals in it, is necessary to show title and right of possession in the plaintiff.” And in the same connection it is said : “ It would seem, moreover, that the defendant would not be permitted to show that notice of sale was not given under the power, because the deed would confer upon the purchaser the legal title to the land.” We refer to the note to Tyler v. Herring, 19 Am. St. Rep., 263, which sustains the-conclusion that the title shown by plaintiff was prima facie. It is based upon the general presumption in favor of meritorious parties as purchasers for value that the power has been properly exercised. As we have said, the authorities are all one way, that the power must be exercised in strict accordance with its terms, *614 subject to equitable relief in some cases of defective execution. But even if the sale had been shown to be invalid by reason of a failure on the part of the mortgagee to comply with the directions of the power, yet the mortgagee hold the legal title and his deed to plaintiff conveyed it subject to the equities of the mortgage. 1 Jones Mort., 787-812; 1 Lewvn on Trusts, 603(4). It mati be that the defendant would have been estopped from taking advantage of an irregularity in the sale, for “ the acquiescence of the mortgagor in the conduct of the sale, and particularly in the terms of it, will cure any defect in this respect and give validity to it.” 2 Jones Mort., sec. 1866 ; Olcutt v. Bynum, 17 Wall., 44. But the defendant sets up a counter-claim for substantive relief and will be entitled to have the same passed upon and appropriate relief, if he should be found entitled thereto. New Trial.