Ferebee v. . Sawyer

Hoke, J., after stating the case: In foreclosure proceedings, under power of sale, our decisions hold, and they are in accord with doctrine generally prevailing elsewhere, that the requirements of the statute and of the contract stipulations of the instrument not inconsistent with the statute, in respect to the notice and other terms on which the power may be exercised, shall be strictly complied with. Eubanks v. Becton, 158 N. C., 230; Brett v. Davenport, 151 N. C., 56. In Brett v. Davenport the Court said: “In an instrument of this kind (a mortgage with power of sale) the law is that- a statutory requirement or contract stipulation in regard to notice is of the substance, and unless complied with, a sale is ineffective as a foreclosure, and even when consummated by deed the conveyance only operates to pass the legal title, subject to certain equitable rights in the purchaser, as of subrogation, etc., in case he has paid the purchase money in good faith”; and the position is approved in Eubanks v. Becton, in a well sustained opinion by Associate Justice Allen, citing, among many other authorities, 27 Cyc., 1465, as follows: “A power of sale contained in a mortgage or deed of trust must be strictly pursued and all its terms and conditions complied with in order to render the sale valid”; and, on page 1466: “It is essential to the validity of a sale under a power in a mortgage or deed of trust, *202 to comply fully with its requirements as to giving notice of tbe sale”; and page 1472: “That directions of the statute or of the mortgage as to the length of time the notice must be published, or the number of times it must appear, are imperative, and a sale made without strict compliance therewith is invalid and passes no title” — a position which certainly obtains with us as to the immediate parties to the sale, Hinton v. Gohoon•, at the present term. A perusal of these and other authorities bearing on the subject will disclose that the principle has been established in reference to an original or independent notice of sale, and does not prevail to the same extent in reference to the postponement of a sale which has been in all respects regularly advertised. In such case, and in the absence of some statutory or contract provision to the contrary, a notice of postponement, made in good faith and reasonably calculated to give proper publicity of the time and place, has been deemed sufficient. Richards v. Holmes, 59 U. S., 143; Allen v. Cole, 9 N. J. Eq., 286; Way v. Dyer, 176 Mass., 448; Stevenson v. Dana, 166 Mass., 163; 7 Cyc., 1476; 28 A. and E. Dec., p. 806. There are cases to the contrary, and holding that an entirely new notice should be given, but the weight of authority seems to be in support of the position as stated. In 27 Oyc. it is said: “Where a mortgage foreclosure sale is postponed or adjourned, a new and sufficient notice of the time and place for the sale must be published; but it is generally held that it need not be published or advertised 'for the same length of time that is requisite in the first instance, such notice as will give reasonable publicity being sufficient, provided the notice is given in good faith, and contains all the essential requisites of a notice of sale”; and in A. and E., supra: “When a sale is postponed or adjourned, proper notice thereof must be given. Statutory provisions or terms of the power applicable to the giving of such notice must of course be complied with. If there be no such provision, reasonable notice is sufficient.” Section 645 of the Revisal, authorizing the postponement of a sale from day to day for not more than six days, from its terms and juxtaposition, clearly has reference to sales by the sheriff or persons acting under court decrees, and does not apply to sales under power contained in the instrument. While we decide that a sale of this character may be postponed and, unless the statute or some stipulation of the contract otherwise provides, that a reasonable notice of the postponement may suffice, we do not think that the notice attempted in this present case can be upheld. The evidence showing that the original sale, set for 17 October, was adjourned not less than four times and the only published notice of the postponement was a memorandum at the bottom- of one of the original notices and no satisfactory evidence that proclamation was made at more than two of the dates and no testimony informing the *203 court of tbe number of persons wbo were in bearing, wben tbe same was made, except tbe first time, and then only a half-dozen present. Tbe sale and foreclosure, therefore, must be declared invalid; but, on tbe record, tbe position cannot be made available to defendant for tbe reason tbat, in our opinion, be is precluded from asserting it by reason of tbe verdict, and judgment bad in tbe case of "W. E. Sawyer, tbe present defendant, against tbe mortgagees, wbo sold and conveyed to tbe present plaintiff. In tbat case, as berebefore stated, tbe present defendant instituted tbe action to recover damages and to restrain tbe mortgagees from making tbe deed to plaintiff, and on tbe express ground, among others, tbat a sale was bad without tbe proper notice. Tbe mortgagees answered, making direct averment tbat tbe sale was in all respects regular, and this suit having been concluded and judgment entered tbat defendants therein go without day, tbe present defendant is estopped from making further question as to the regularity of this sale. In Tyler v. Gapehart, 125 N. C., 64, tbe Court held: “A judgment is decisive of tbe points raised by tbe pleadings, or which, might be properly predicated upon them; but does not embrace any matters which might have been brought into tbe litigation, or causes of action which the plaintiff might have joined, but which in fact are neither joined nor embraced by tbe pleadings.” Tbe principle has been approved and applied in numerous decisions of tbe Court before and since tbat well considered case. Owen v. Needham, 160 N. C., 381; Caudle v. Morris, 160 N. C., 168; Coltrane v. Laughlin, 157 N. C., 282; Gillam v. Edmonson, 154 N. C., 127; Bunker v. Bunker, 140 N. C., 18. In Coltrane's case tbe doctrine is stated as follows: “It is well recognized here and elsewhere tbat wben a court having jurisdiction of a cause and tbe parties renders judgment therein, it estops tbe parties and their privies as to all issuable matter contained in tbe pleadings, and though not issuable in tbe technical sense, it concludes, among other things, as to all matters within tbe scope of tbe pleadings which are material and relevant and were in fact investigated and determined on tbe bearing;” citing Gillam v. Edmonson, 154 N. C., 127; Tyler v. Capehart, 125 N. C., 64; Tuttle v. Harrell, 85 N. C., 456; Fayerweather v. Ritch, 195 U. S., 277; Aurora City v. West, 74 U. S., 82, 103; Chamberlain v. Gaillard, 26 Ala., 504; 23 Cyc., pp. 1502-4-6. In Gillam v. Edmonson it was held tbat an estoppel of record will bind parties and privies as to matters in issue between them, and, delivering tbe opinion, at page 130, tbe Court said: “It has come to be well recognized tbat tbe test of an estoppel by judgment is tbe identity of tbe issues involved in the suit.” We were referred by counsel for tbe defendant to tbe case of Clothing Co. v. Hay, 163 N. C., 495, as an authority supporting defendant’s posi *204 tion; but a perusal of that ease will show that in holding that a judgment was an estoppel only as to points actually investigated and decided, Associate Justice Allen was careful to note that the principle as stated “applied to eases where the second suit was based upon a different cause of action from that in which the judgment had been entered, and that when the cause of action was one and the same, in such case a final judgment in the former suit is conclusive, not only as to matters determined, but as to all issuable matter presented in the pleadings or necessary to the proper decision of the cause.” In support of the distinction, the learned judge quotes from Cromwell v. Sac, 94 U. S., 351, as follows: “The language, therefore, which is so often used, that a judgment estops not only as to every ground of recovery or defense actually presented in the action, but also as to every ground which might have been presented, is strictly accurate when applied to the demand or claim in controversy. Such demand or claim having passed into judgment, cannot again be brought into litigation between the parties in proceedings at law upon any ground whatever. But when the second action between the same parties is upon a different claim or demand, the judgment in the prior action operates as an estoppel only as to those matters in issue or points controverted, upon the determination of which the finding or verdict was rendered.” And the case of Jones v. Beaman,117 N. C., 259, to which we were also cited, can be sustained, if at all, only on the same distinction: that the second suit was on a different cause of action than that presented by the pleadings or necessarily involved in the first. In the suit of Sawyer, however, the present defendant, against the mortgagees, the validity of the sale and on account of insufficient notice was made a direct issue in the pleadings, and judgment having been entered on that record in favor of the mortgagees, it cannot be again debated in this case where the same issue is directly involved, towit, the validity of the sale at which the plaintiff purchased. The objection to the probate of the mortgage is without merit, and was very properly not insisted on in the brief of counsel. Even if the justice who took the acknowledgment was not regularly appointed, he was an officer de facto, and, under our decisions and on the facts in evidence, the probate must be held sufficient. Spruce Co. v. Hunnicutt, 166 N. C., 202; Hughes v. Long, 119 N. C., 52. There is no error, and judgment in plaintiff’s favor is affirmed. No error.