Hunter v. . Nelson

Brown, J. Tbis action is entitled a “bill of review” by tbe learned lawyer wbo instituted it, and is brought solely to correct an alleged error of law apparent upon tbe'face of tbe judgment heretofore rendered by the Superior Court and finally affirmed by tbis Court. Nelson v. Hunter, 140 N. C., 598; 144 N. C., 763, and 145 N. C., 334. 1. Tbe judgment sought to be set aside by tbis proceeding was entered in pursuance of tbe mandate of tbis Court on appeal in tbe original action. It therefore became tbe 'final decree and judgment of this Court. It would be most extraordinary, under our or any other system of jiraetice, if tbe lower court, from whence tbe appeal came, bad jurisdiction to entertain a subsequent action to review and correct tbe alleged errors in law committed by tbe higher court, even though charged to be apparent upon tbe face of its* judgment. A bill to rehear and review, as known in those jurisdictions where the principles and practice of equity are administered by chancellors or their substitutes, is a bill filed to reverse or modify a decree that has been enrolled for errors apparent upon tbe face of such decree, or on account of new facts discovered since publication was passed in tbe original cause and which could not by the exercise of due diligence have been discovered before tbe decree was made. 2 Beach Mod. Eq. Practice, sec. 852. *185 But even in those courts a bill of review will not lie for errors of law alleged to be apparent on tbe face of tbe decree after tbe judgment of tbe appellate court. 2 Beach, sec. 855. Bills of review have been entertained by lower courts based upon allegations of newly discovered testimony, where tbe original decree was entered in obedience to tbe mandate of tbe ajipellate court, but that is not allowable in England or in tbe Federal courts of this country, unless tbe right is reserved in tbe decree of tbe appellate court or permission given on an application to that court 'directly for the purpose. Southard v. Russell, 57 U. S., 547; 1 Vernon, 416; 2 Paige, 45; 1 McCord Ch. Rep., 22-30; Story Eq. Pl., sec. 408. In New Jersey, however, it was held by Chancellor Runyan that such permission of tbe higher court is not essential in bills of review on tbe ground of newly discovered evidence (Putnam v. Clark, 35 N. J. Eq., 145), and many other courts have held likewise; but all agree that a bill to review a final judgment will not lie at all for errors of law apparent on tbe face of tbe decree after judgment of tbe appellate court. These errors may be corrected by a direct application to that court, which would, amend, as matter of course, any error of that kind which bad been made in rendering or entering tbe decree. This is tbe view of tbe Supreme Court of tbe-United States, as first expressed by Mr. Justice Nelson in tbe leading ease of Southard v. Russell, 57 U. S., 570, reiterated in subsequent cases and approved by tbe text writers generally. Kingsbury v. Buckner, 134 U. S., 671; Machine Co. v. Dunbar, 32 W. Va., 335; Hunt v. Long, 16 S. W., 968; Jewett v. Dringer, 31 N. J. Eq., 586; Kimberly v. Arms, 40 Fed., 548; Hall v. Huff, 76 Ga., 337; 2 Beach, sec. 855; Adams Eq., 7 Am. Ed., p. 417, and tbe notes citing tbe Supreme Court of tbe United States. Tbe rule of law is thus tersely stated in tbe Enc. of Pld. and Practice, vol. 3, p. 574: “After a decision has been rendered by an ajtpellate court' and tbe cause remanded to tbe court below, tbe latter court has no authority to entertain a bill of review for error apparent; but where tbe ground of review is newly discovered evidence, the jurisdiction is generally conceded.” In support of tbe text a great array of cases is cited in the notes from tbe various courts of this country, including tbe case of Farrar v. Staton, 101 N. C., 81, relied upon by appellant. We fully concur in tbe construction placed upon that case by tbe text writer. While tbe syllabus is a little misleading, a careful reading of tbe opinion convinces us that tbe learned Chief Justice who wrote it never for a moment contemplated that a bill of review could be entertained by a lower court to correct errors of *186 law committed by the highest. Such a proceeding would be an anomaly in law and would not have been allowed under the old system of practice, with which Judge Smith, from long experience, was perfectly familiar. * 2. If we were disposed to entertain this proceeding as a method of correcting errors, in addition to petitions to rehear addressed directly to this Court, we could not allow it in this case, for a reason well stated in appellant’s own brief. “A review cannot be had for mistake in a decree which might have been rectified by proper attention,” citing Sims v. Thompson, 16 N. C., 191, and other cases. The grievance of appellants consists in alleged error of law, committed by us in giving judgment for Charles Nelson, the only legitimate child of Jackie Nelson, for the entire personal as well as real estate of his mother, in the face of a statute which, it is claimed, places these plaintiffs, her illegitimate children, on an equality with him as distributees of her personal estate. Revisal, sec. 136. Whether this statute must be construed as contended by plaintiffs we will not now decide; but if we have failed to take note of it in our former opinion, it is because no such point was presented, either in the briefs or arguments; and we have repeatedly said that we do not feel bound to notice a phase of a case not relied on in the brief. They have had two hearings in this Court, when they could have cited the statute with effect and corrected the error, if any has been committed. That appellants failed to do so is their misfortune, but we do not think it is due to anybody’s neglect, lord Coke once said that he would be ashamed if he could not answer any question relating to the common law without recourse to his books, but that he would be equally ashamed to answer any question relating to the statutes unless they were before him. Lawyers are supposed to have general knowledge of the elementary principles of law, and frequently recur to them with facility, but none of us are able to carry in our minds all of the many changes constantly taking place in the legislation of the State, and to refer at will to every obsolete and seldom cited statute. For the reasons given, we are of opinion that the judgment of the Superior Court should be Affirmed.