Ledbetter v. . Quick

Mérrimos, J. The landlord or his assigns can maintain an action against his tenant, or cropper, or the assignee of either, or any person, unless otherwise agi’eed upon between the parties to the lease, in case such tenant, cropper, or the assignee of either, or any person, shall remove the crop or any part of it from the land leased, or convert it, before the rents shall be paid, or before the conditions of the lease shall be performed or damages in lieu thereof paid; or before the “ advancements” made by the landlord or his assigns to make and save the crop shall be paid; if such removal or conversion shall be made without the consent of the landlord or his assigns, as the case may be. The statute in express terms vests the possession of the crop in, and creates a lien in favor of, the landlord or his assigns for the purposes mentioned, until the lien shall be discharged as indicated. The landlord, or his assigns, has a lien upon his whole crop, and a special property in it to the extent of his lien, and is entitled to possession. Ho has such a property interest as enables him to maintain his action for the recovery of the same. The Code, §1754; Montague v. Mial, 89 N. C., 137; Livingston v. Farish, Ib., 140, and the cases there cited; Rawlings v. Hunt, ante, 270. *279 In the case before us there was no question made as to the lease, which was executed on the 2d day of December, 1881, and it appears that the rents liad been paid. The landlord alleged, however, that by agreement, contemporary with the lease, he as the landlord was to supply his tenant with “ advances of provisions and supplies” during the year 1882, to make and save the crops to an amount not exceeding $600 ; that he made such “advancements” from time to time as required, by the tenant, and there is still due to him on that account several hundred dollars, and that the defendant removed a part of the crop made during that year without his assent. On the trial, the plaintiff produced his itemized account for advancements made to his tenant, and the defendant objected to the whole of it, unless the plaintiff could show that the things so supplied were really necessary to make and save the crop, or were expenses necessary and incident to this ‘purpose, and the tenant so accepted and used the same. He likewise objected to sundry items in it, particularly to one for a mule and another for a wragon, because, as he insisted, they were not such things as were in their nature advancements. The court left it to the jury to find from the evidence whether or not the things supplied were received and treated by the tenant as advancements, and instructed them that the rents having been paid, the plaintiff could only recover for advancements to make and save the crop; anclas to the mule, he left it to the jury to find whether or not the mule was treated as an advance7 ment. Jt might be difficult, in many cases that might arise, to say what would or would not be advancements to make and save the crop, in the sense of the statute; but we think that a mule,-. or a wagon may, generally, be regarded as such advancement, if supplied in good faith for that purpose. The tenant, acting in good faith, must be the judge of what is necessary and proper to aid him in making and saving the crop, and when the landlord has in good faith furnished supplies as required by the tenant, *280 this will be sufficient on his part, without regard to the particular things supplied. There is a great variety of ways in which things not per se necessary to make and save a crop, may incidentally serve that purpose, and the tenant alone can be the better judge in such respects. He may employ laborers, and to pay them he may use goods that would seem to have no refer-erouce to a crop at all, and yet it very plainly appears to the reasonable mind that such goods would be supplies not inappropriate to pay for labor. In the account, we notice several small items of charge for shoes, snuff, calico, and the like, not to a large amount, and for orders in favor of sundry persons who may have been, and probably were, laborers. It may be, and probably was, that the tenant found it convenient to pay his laborers in this way. If the laborer should find it convenient to take an order for goods to suit his taste and wants, or to accept goods from the tenant directly, we can see no just reason why he may not do so, and the expenditure on the part of the tenant in such \Vay would not destroy the character of the supplies as advancements. Indeed, goods supplied, and almost anything of value, would, in this view, be treated as supplies in the sense of the statute. Much the larger part of the account is made up of items for such things as were ■manifestly advancements, such as flour, meal, corn, and like articles. Leaving out the particular items objected to, except those for the mule and wagon, and there would still be a very considerable balance in favor of the plaintiff. The plaintiff was a witness on the trial in bis own behalf. He was a competent witness, and it appears that the jury believed his testimony. He alone testified to the account. In any view of the account, there was a considerable balance due him, and he could, therefore, maintain his action. He was entitled to have possession of the whole crop, until his debt against the tenant for advancements was fully paid. If the landlord and tenant should collusively and fraudulently *281 undertake to create an indebtedness under color of advancements, no matter what might be the character of the supplies, iu order to favor themselves, or either one of them, to the prejudice of the creditors, with or without liens on the crop, subsequent to the just lieu of the landlord, such transaction could not be sustained. The debt for “advancements” must be such as is created in good faith on the part'of the landlord. It must not be made collu-sively, nor can he be allowed to supply such tilings as advancements as are manifestly not such, and lie has good reason to believe are not so intended. The “advancements,” whether they be money or merchandise, must be such as go directly or indirectly to make or save the crop, and the tenant must be the judge •of what best serves his purpose. Womble v. Leach, 83 N. C., 84. The objection to the testimony of the witness Brown cannot •be sustained. ' It was clearly competent. It tended to prove the removal of a part of the crop, and to sustain what the plaintiff had sworn. The defendant introduced two “agricultural liens” upon the crop of the tenant — one executed on the 16th day of February, 1882, and the other on the 5th of June, 1882, but he did not •offer to show that he had made any advancements, as contemplated by them. It was his folly or his misfortune, that ho did not inform himself as to the claims and demands of the landlord before he supplied the tenant with- the advancements. The statute, of which he was bounil to take notice, gave the landlord a first lien for the rents due to and advancements made by him. This is an action at law. The defendant does not rely upon, ■or pray for, equitable relief, as he might have done, if the crop were in excess of the debt due to the landlord. There is no error, and the judgment must be affirmed. Rawlings v. Hunt, supra. No error. Affirmed.