State v. . O'Neal

Adams, J. There is at least some evidence that intoxicating liquor was found on premises used by the defendants; and for this reason, by virtue of the statutory direction that the prohibition act “shall be liberally construed to the end that the use of intoxicating liquor as a beverage may be prevented,” the trial court committed no error in submitting to the jury the question of the defendant’s constructive possession of the prohibited article. S. v. Meyers, 190 N. C., 239; S. v. Pierce, 192 N. C., 766; S. v. Weston, ante, 25. But 'on another ground the defendant is entitled to a new trial. When the verdict was returned he was not in the courtroom, but was in prison, confined in close custody. Nor was his attorney present. “In all criminal prosecutions every man has the right to be informed of the accusation against him and to confront the accusers and witnesses with other testimony, and to have counsel for his defense, and not be compelled to give evidence against himself or to pay costs, jail fees, or necessary witness fees of the defense, unless found guilty.” Declaration of' Eights, sec. 11. In the application of this fundamental principle it has been held that in a capital felony the prisoner cannot waive his right to be present at any stage of the trial. Not only has he a right to be present; he must be present. S. v. Kelly, 97 N. C., 404; S. v. Dry, 152 N. C., 813. In felonies less than capital the right to be present can be waived only by the defendant himself (S. v. Jenkins, 84 N. C., 813), but in misdemeanors the right may be waived by the defendant through his counsel with the consent of the court. S. v. Dry, supra; S. v. Cherry, 154 N. C., 624. Imprisoned, the defendant could not be present when he was convicted by the jury; and there is no suggestion that he waived his right by express consent, or failure to assert it in apt time, or by conduct inconsistent with his right. He is not entitled to his discharge, but merely to a new trial. S. v. Jenkins, supra. New trial.