Broome v. City of Charlotte

Devin, J. The defendant demurred to the complaint on the ground that it did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. For the purposes of the demurrer the facts set out in the complaint are deemed to be true. This requires a careful examination of the complaint to determine its legal effect. The recognized doctrine in this jurisdiction is that a municipal corporation may not be held civilly liable to individuals for the negligence of its agents in performing duties which are governmental in their nature, and solely for the public benefit. Harrington v. Greenville, 159 N. C., 632; James v. Charlotte, 183 N. C., 630; Snyder v. High Point, 168 N. C., 608. *731 In its public or governmental character a municipal corporation acts as agent of the State for the better government of that portion of its people wbo reside within the municipality, while in its private character it exercises powers and privileges for its own corporate advantage. When a municipal corporation is acting in its ministerial or corporate character in the management of property for its own benefit, it may become liable for damages caused by the negligence of its agents subject to its control. But when the city is exercising the judicial, discretionary, or legislative authority conferred by its charter, or is discharging a duty imposed solely for the benefit of the public, it incurs no liability for the negligence of its agents, unless some statute subjects the corporation to responsibility. Moffitt v. Asheville, 103 N. C., 237; Parks-Belk Co. v. Concord, 194 N. C., 134. The law which imposes liability in one case and not in the other has been stated in numerous decisions of this Court. Hamilton v. Rocky Mount, 199 N. C., 504; Munick v. Durham, 181 N. C., 188. The distinction between governmental acts and those which are ministerial or corporate seems to be that in the one case the act is done in the exercise of the police power or in the exercise of legislative, discretionary, or judicial powers conferred upon a municipality for the benefit of the public; while in the other it is done by virtue of powers exercised for its own advantage or in the negligent performance of a duty specifically imposed by statute. Sandlin v. Wilmington, 185 N. C., 257. Applying these general principles, it is apparent that the operation of a trash wagon or truck on the streets of the city of Charlotte by the municipal authority was in the exercise of a governmental function for the sole benefit of its inhabitants, and not a ministerial or corporate act. While the complaint alleges that the entry of the truck on the premises where plaintiff’s intestate was struck was not to gather trash, but in order to turn the truck around, it sufficiently appears that the injury was done by a truck owned by the city for purposes in respect to trash; that is, the removal of trash for street cleaning, and that its truck was in such use by one of its employees, though not actually engaged at the moment in collecting or hauling trash on the premises of plaintiff. For these reasons, we think the court below was in error in overruling the demurrer. The judgment overruling the demurrer is Eeversed.