State Ex Rel. Maxwell v. Chemical Construction Co.

CoNNOR, J. The sole question presented by this appeal is whether a tax levied under the authority of a statute of North Carolina, on income derived from royalties received by a corporation organized under the laws of this State, for the use of patents issued by the Commissioner of Patents of the United States, and owned by the corporation, is valid. This identical question was presented to the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts for decision in Rockwood v. Commissioner of Corpora tions and Taxation, reported in 257 Mass., 572, 154 N. E., 182, 55 A. L. R., 928. In that case it was held that a State cannot tax royalties for the use of a patent issued by the Commissioner of Patents of the United States under the authority of an act of Congress. The Congress of the United States is expressly empowered “to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.” Section 8, Article I, Const. of U. S. In the opinion in the cited case it is said: “A patent right itself is not taxable by a ■State. Letters patent issued by the United States give to the patentee a right of monopoly in the invention, and with this right the State cannot • interfere.” The patent is the instrumentality by which the United States confers upon the patentee, his heirs and assigns the right to the exclusive use of his invention or discovery, for a limited time. “As a State cannot tax the patent, it cannot tax the royalties received from its use. What the State cannot do directly, it cannot accomplish in an indirect way.” The judgment in the above-cited case was reviewed by the Supreme Court of the United States in Long, Comr. of Corporations and Taxation v. Rockwood, 277 U. S., 145, 72 L. Ed., 824. The judgment was affirmed. In the opinion of the Court, delivered by Mr. Justice Mcltey-nolds, it is said: “These causes present the question whether the State of Massachusetts may tax, as income, royalties received by one of her citizens for the use of patents issued to him by the United States? The Supreme Judicial Court of that State held such an imposition would amount to a tax upon the patent right itself, and was prohibited by the Federal Constitution. We agree with this conclusion.” *502 Many authoritative decisions are cited in support of the decision in that case. We regard this decision as authoritative and conclusive upon us. It seems to have been so regarded by the Supreme Court of Tennessee in Quick-Safe Mfg. Corp. v. Graham, Comptroller, decided on 30 June, 1930, and reported in 29 S. W. (2d), 253. We do not think that the decision in Long v. Rachwood is affected as an authority on the question presented in the instant case, as suggested by the Attorney-General in his brief filed in this Court as counsel for the relator, by the decision in Educational Films Corporation v. Ward, decided on 12 January, 1931, and reported in 75 L. Ed., at page 223. In that case a tax levied under a statute of the State of New York on complainant for the privilege of exercising its corporate franchise in said State, was upheld, although the amount of the tax was determined by the income of the comqdainant derived from royalties for the use of patents owned by complainant. The decision of the question there presented was not controlled by the decision in Long v. Rackwood. The distinction is made in the opinion of the Court delivered by Mr. Justice Stone. The judgment in the instant case is Affirmed.