Barnes v. . Raper

Smith, C. J. In answer to the petitioner’s application for an assignment of dower in the two tracts of land described in the petition, alleged to be claimed by the defendants respectively, they deny to be true the allegation of seizin in the intestate husband, at any time during their marriage, in either tract. For the trial of the matters drawn in controversy by the pleadings, the cause was removed to the superior court, and, it being admitted by the plaintiff that the intestate Henry Barnes, husband of the petitioner, did not. at any time during the coverture have legal seizin of the lands, an issue was submitted to the jury in this form: Did Henry Barnes remain in possession of the land to the time of his death, claiming it as his own? To this inquiry the jury answered, he did not. Thereupon the court adjudged that the petitioner is not entitled to dower, and she appeals to this court. The statute in force at the time of the intestate’s death, in 1872, and restoring the common law right of dower, gives to a married woman, whose husband dies without or with a will from which she dissents, an estate for life in one-third in value of the lands, rights of redemption, legal and equitable, and other equitable estates whereof her husband was “seized and possessed at any time during the coverture.” Acts 1869-70, eh. 176, (The Code, §2103). The seizin, as required at common law, to render the estate dowable, must be of an estate of inheritance, with the freehold vested in the deceased husband, as is fully explained in the recent case of Houston v. Smith, 88 N. C., 312. The intestate Henry Barnes, who did once own the land, the subject of controversy, conveyed it by deed to his daughter and *191 only child Mary, wife of Ruffin Raper, previous to his marriage with the petitioner, and it was conceded that he had no seizin during the period of their marriage. This admission put an end to the claim, unless the petitioner was able successfully to impeach the deed as made in contemplation of marriage and with intent to defraud her of her right to dower. Littleton v. Littleton, 1 Dev. & Bat., 327; Tate v. Tate, 1 Dev. & Bat. Eq., 22. This, it does not appear that she proposed to do, and consequently her asserted claim, being groundless, must be denied. We are unable to understand why an issue was submitted to the jury in reference to the possession, since possession cannot supply the seizin of an inheritable estate, necessary to support the right of dower, and the responding verdict, if favorable to the petitioner, would not affect the result. The act, it is true, speaks of an estate whereof the husband is seized and possessed, substituting the copulative “and” in place of the disjunctive “or” in the original act of 1784. A similar change was made in the Revised Code, ch. 118, §1, and yet these alterations in the phraseology do not affect the sense and meaning of the enact? ment, as held in Weir v. Tate, 4 Ired. Eq., 264. In the elaborate opinion of the Chief-Justice, he remarks that “ it was never understood by the profession why the term ‘ possessed ’ was introduced into that statute, as it certainly was not intended that there should be dower of terms for years, or that the rule of the common law should be abrogated which makes a legal seizin in the husband sufficient to support a title to dower.” This was said in passing upon the force of the disjunctive “or” between the words “seized” and “possessed”; and it is added that, “in point of law, however, the owner of the inheritance ig not only seized, but is said to be possessed, for the purposes of dower and courtesy, when the reversion or remainder is not after a freehold, but after a term for years only. The possession of the tenant for years is the possession of the reversioner.” *192 These suggestions in reference to the possession are made to prevent any inference from our silence that the issue was at all material in determining the validity of the petitioner’s claim, or that a different response would have given it any efficacy. There is no error, and the judgment must be affirmed. No error. Affirmed.