Ware v. . Nesbit

Smith, C. J. (after stating the facts). We reproduce so much of the testimony, as shows the pertinency and bearing of the evidence to which exception was taken. It is quite manifest that what transpired and was known to the feme plaintiff, was competent, in proof of the agencies which are alleged to have been instrumental in bringing about that state of mind, in which her volition and moral freedom were lost or impaired. The declarations offered, are not merely such in their narrative form, but essential facts before the feme, which led to acts, and which in elucidation of those acts, were entirely proper, as much so as her feeble condition and susceptibility to influence. The statement 'of the feme plaintiff herself, in regard to the circumstances under which she signed the notes and executed the deed, in which her own real estate was conveyed for their security and payment, are similar, but more in detail. It is thus set out in the case: *667 “The plaintiff Esther J. Ware, was then introdnced as a witness on her own behalf, and stated that she was in delicate health at the time-she executed the deed in question; had a child about one year old at her breast; that the sheriff of Cleveland arrested her husband at his home in Shelby; that she was present when it was done, and was greatly excited; that after that he gave his bond and was released. When it was started up again, my husband told me about it. Objected to and admitted.” Exception by defendants. “It was admitted by defendants, that the land was the land of Mrs. Ware; that she consented to sign the deed under the fear that her husband would be sent to the common jail, or she would not have signed it; that she owned the one-ninth interest in the lands in Rutherford county; inherited it from her mother.” Upon cross-examination, witness stated that she was examined by Mr. T. JD. Lattimore, Clerk of the Superior Court of Cleveland county, and told him she signed the same freely and voluntarily, and without fear or compulsion on the part of her husband, or any.ope else, as stated on the certificate; that she was perfectly willing to convey her lands to keep her husband from going to jail; that she never saw the defendants, or any of them, and never had any conversation with them; that last summer or spring, her husband told her that a lawyer had said that she could get her laud back, and they then instituted these proceedings, to get it back. There was much conflicting testimony offerred for the defendants, and it was shown that that the clerk before whom the probate of the deed was taken, fully explained its provisions to the plaintiff Esther, and that, as is set out in the official certificate, it was acknowledged by her to have been voluntarily executed. The Court charged the jury as follows: “A married woman’s land can only be conveyed by deed, executed by herself and her husband, and done freely and voluntarily, and without any force or fear of her husband or any other person whatsoevr, and this is perpetuated and completed *668 under our laws, by her privy examination, before the Clerk of Superior Court, as in this case. “ When a deed signed by both husband and wife is acknowledged before the Clerk, and he takes the privy examination, then this is a judicial determination, and can only be set aside for duress, force, fear, fraud, or false and fraudulent representations on the pai’t of those for whose benefit the deed was made. That the deed was made to keep her husband from going to jail, is not that duress which would avoid a deed, if she preferred to execute this mortgage, rather than have her husband go to jail. It can only be avoided from force, or fear, or wrong done to bring about the arrest or unlawful act, which was calculated to delude or deceive or mislead her about the truth of the transaction. “ If the defendant Nesbet & Bro. had a bona fide claim against A. B. Ware, and upon that, sued out an arrest and bail, and took A. B. Ware into custody, and he gave bail for his appearance at Mecklenburg Court, and A. B. Ware interceded with his wife, by fair and honest representations, and without force or putting her in fear, she made and executed with her husband, a mortgage on her own land to secure the debt, with a full knowledge of the facts, and to procure the release of her husband, then there would be no duress. Duress is some act that takes away the free will of the wife, or deception by false and fraudulent representations, used, to attain the execution of the mortgage. If the Nesbets resorted to the arrest and bail, when not entitled to that remedy, and either by false statements or fraudulent acts, procured the arrest of the husband, or if the arrest was made with the unlawful purpose to procure the mortgage, and by that instrumentality operated upon the mind of the wife, so as to wrongfully put her in the position of choosing between the imprisonment of her husband, or executing a mortgage on her land to secure the debt, then- the false statements and wrongful arrest of the husband, and thereby obtaining the mortgage in order to secure the debt, would be duress.” *669 Certain written instructions were asked by the appellants when the testimony was concluded, but were withdrawn after the delivery of the general charge, and ai’e not in the record. The directions to the jury as to the law, are quite as favorable to the defendants as they can ask, and the feme, plaintiff is held to a rigid accountability, scarcely less than if she were a feme sole, for her acts, and the disability of her condition, affords her as little protection from their consequences in the execution of her deed. Formerly, the acknowledgement of execution of a deed by a married woman, with her privy examination, was held to give to it the sanctity and conclusiveness of a judicial proceeding, but it is otherwise now, and her deed, like that of her husband, is now exposed to impeachment, on the same grounds as his Jones v. Cohen, 82 N. C., 75. The present is an impeaching action, having for its object, the annulling of what was done by the plaintiff, and her restoration to her former rights. There was no instruction asked that there was no evidence of the duress alleged, and this point is not before us. Nor can we notice the defects imputed to the instructions given, for no correction was suggested — none pointed out, — and the appellants seem to have been content with the entire charge. There is no false proposition of law, in itself considered, which will warrant an exception first taken in this Court, as said in Fry v. Currie, 91 N. C., 436, and other subsequent cases. There is no error in the record, and the judgment must be affirmed, except in so far as it directs the cancelling of the notes and deeds, which remain effective, so far as the said A. B. Ware is individually concerned, and are inoperative only as to the feme plaintiff. Modified and affirmed.