Estate of Barbieri v. Evans, Unpublished Decision (4-8-1998)

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY This cause was heard upon the record in the trial court. Each error assigned has been reviewed and the following disposition is made: Appellant, Estate of Charles Barbieri, appeals from the judgment of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas rendered in favor of appellee Prudential Property Casualty Insurance Co. We affirm. On the evening of January 21, 1994, appellee Brett Evans, age seventeen, went to a party with friends in Akron. Evans brought a semiautomatic handgun with him. At the party, he and at least two friends decided to go to Reservoir Park in Akron to engage in a fight with some teenagers who had attacked a friend of Evans. Evans took the gun with him. Evans and his friends waited, then dispersed to return to their homes when their opponents did not show up. Because the sidewalks were covered with snow, Evans walked in the street, facing oncoming traffic. As Evans was walking home, a car came up behind him, driven by Charles Barbieri. The four occupants were members of the group that were to have fought in Reservoir Park. The occupants taunted Evans, who asked to be left alone. Barbieri then exited the car, followed by at least one of the other occupants. Barbieri continued to harass and threaten Evans and approached within five or six feet. Evans pulled out the gun and told the group to leave him alone. After Barbieri continued to approach him, Evans fired the gun, then ran away. Barbieri was shot in the chest and later died. Evans was charged in the incident. He later pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter with a firearm specification and was sentenced accordingly. The Estate of Charles Barbieri, through its administrator, Dominic Barbieri, Charles' father ("the Estate"), filed a wrongful death action against Evans and his parents in the Summit County Court of Common Pleas on January 19, 1996. Prudential Property Casualty Insurance Co. ("Insurance Co."), issuer of a policy held by Evans' mother, moved to intervene, and the trial court granted the motion. Insurance Co. filed a counterclaim against the Estate and a cross-claim against Evans and his mother, seeking a declaratory judgment stating Insurance Co.'s rights and obligations with regard to the parties and the insurance policy. Insurance Co. argued that it had no duty to defend Evans or his mother because Evans' actions were intentional and therefore excluded from coverage under the insurance policy. The cross-claim and counterclaim were tried to the court on January 14, 1997. Evans testified, as did the other three occupants of the car driven by Barbieri on the night of the shooting. After considering the testimony and briefs, the trial court issued its ruling on February 25, 1997. The trial court found "that the death of Charles Barbieri was caused by an intentional assault by Defendant Brett Evans," and that "there is no duty on the part of [Insurance Co.] to indemnify or defend" Evans or his mother.1 The Estate now appeals to this court. The Estate asserts two assignments of error. We address each in turn. First Assignment of Error The trial court erred in failing to find that the death ofCharles Barbieri was unintentional. The Estate first argues that the trial court improperly found that Evans acted intentionally when he killed Barbieri. We disagree. Evans' mother had a homeowner's insurance policy with Insurance Co. Under Section II, Coverage E of the policy, "Personal Liability," the policy states: If a claim is made or suit is brought against any insured for damages because of bodily injury or property damage to which this coverage applies, we will: a. pay up to our limit of liability for the damages for which the insured is legally liable; and b. provide a defense at our expense by counsel of our choice. We may make any investigation and settle any claim or suit that we decide is appropriate. * * * (Emphasis sic.) The exclusions to Section II, as amended, read in pertinent part: 1. Coverage E — Personal Liability and Coverage F — Medical Payments to others do not apply to BODILY INJURY or PROPERTY DAMAGE: a. Which results from an act that is intended by the INSURED or can be expected from the standpoint of a reasonable person to cause BODILY INJURY or PROPERTY DAMAGE even if the injury or damage is of a different degree or type than actually intended or expected. * * * This exclusion does not apply where the BODILY INJURY or PROPERTY DAMAGE arises from the negligence of the INSURED. * * * h. which results from the actual or attempted: (1) abuse, molestation, exploitation, assault or other mistreatment of any person; or (2) rape, sexual assault, or other sexual abuse of any person. * * * (Emphasis sic.) "In order to avoid coverage on the basis of an intentional-act exclusion, the insurer must demonstrate that the injury itself was intentional or expected." W. Res. Mut. Ins. Co.v. Campbell (1996), 111 Ohio App.3d 537, 541. The Estate argues that Evans' actions do not fall under either 1.a. or 1.h. of the Section II exclusions, because the testimony showed that Evans did not act intentionally, and the injury was not intentional. The declaratory judgment claims were tried to the court. The appropriate standard of review is whether the trial court's judgment is "supported by some competent, credible evidence going to all the essential elements of the case." C.E. Morris Co. v.Foley Constr. Co. (1978), 54 Ohio St.2d 279, syllabus. We begin with the presumption that the trial court's findings of fact are correct. Long v. Hurles (1996), 113 Ohio App.3d 228, 233. "If the evidence is susceptible of more than one construction, the reviewing court is bound to give it that interpretation which is consistent with the verdict and judgment, most favorable to sustaining the verdict and judgment." 5 Ohio Jurisprudence 3d (1978) 192, Appellate Review, Section 603. This is because evaluating evidence and assessing credibility are primarily for the trier of fact. Hoitt v. Siefer (1995), 105 Ohio App.3d 104,107. The trial court's decisions that Evans' actions constituted an intentional assault, and that the injury was intended or expected, are supported by competent credible evidence. The Estate essentially argues that there was evidence to the contrary. However, the trial court, as the trier of fact, was entitled to find the evidence supporting the Estate's theory less credible. This court has previously examined the exclusion in Section II, 1.h., and found the exclusion applicable under analogous circumstances to the case at bar. See Prudential Property Cas.Ins. Co. v. Russell W.F. (Dec. 21, 1994), Summit App. No. 16762, unreported (analyzing the exclusion for sexual assault under Section II, Exclusion 1.h.[2]). The trial court did not err in finding that Evans' actions were excluded under the policy.2 Accordingly, the Estate's first assignment of error is overruled. Second Assignment of Error The trial court erred in failing to find that Evans acted inself defense and failing to order Prudential to provide adefense for its insured, under Preferred Mutual Ins. v.Thompson. The Estate argues in its second assignment of error that the trial court improperly found that Insurance Co. had no duty to defend or indemnify Evans or his mother. In Preferred Mut. Ins.Co. v. Thompson (1986), 23 Ohio St.3d 78, syllabus, the Ohio Supreme Court stated: When an insured admits that he intentionally injured a third party and the surrounding circumstances indicate that he acted in self-defense in causing the injury, the insured's insurance company may not refuse to defend the insured from the third party's intentional tort claim on the grounds that the third party's injuries fall within an exclusion from coverage for "bodily injury * * * which is either expected or intended from the standpoint of the [i]nsured." The Estate argues that Insurance Co. has a duty to defend Evans and his mother under Section II, Coverage E of the policy because evidence was presented that Evans acted in self-defense. We disagree. As stated previously, we must affirm the trial court's findings if some competent, credible evidence supports those findings. There is evidence on the record that the shooting was not done in self-defense. The trial court found that Insurance Co. was not obligated to defend Evans or his mother. We cannot overturn the trial court's findings simply because the Estate can point to other evidence that may support a self-defense theory. Given the state of the record, we cannot say that the trial court erred in finding that the self-defense exception under Thompson did not apply in the case at bar. Cf. Lingo v. State Farm Fire Cas. Co. (Dec. 5, 1996), Cuyahoga App. Nos. 69514/70753, unreported, at 7-10. The Estate's second assignment of error is overruled. All of the Estate's assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed. Judgment affirmed. The Court finds that there were reasonable grounds for this appeal. We order that a special mandate issue out of this court, directing the County of Summit Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27. Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(E). Costs taxed to appellant. Exceptions. _________________________________ JOHN W. REECE FOR THE COURT SLABY, P. J. DICKINSON, J. CONCUR. 1 The trial court later amended its order, nunc pro tunc, adding language under Civ.R. 54(B) that there was no just reason for delay. 2 We also note that this court has reached the same results in factually similar cases on the grounds that a "knowing" state of culpability supporting a criminal conviction that stemmed from the insured's actions was sufficient to come under a policy's "intentional-act exclusion" language. See, e.g., Campbell,111 Ohio App.3d at 541-43; Nationwide Mut. Fire Ins. Co. v. Carreras (Nov. 15, 1995), Lorain App. No. 95CA006031, unreported. See, also,Gearing v. Nationwide Ins. Co. (1996), 76 Ohio St.3d 34, 40.