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City of Dayton v. William H. Lowe
The city of Dayton appeals from a judgment of the Dayton Municipal Court dismissing criminal charges against appellee William H. Lowe for unauthorized entry upon a nuisance premises and obstructing official business.
The city advances five assignments of error. First, it contends the trial court erred by dismissing the criminal complaints against Lowe rather than simply suppressing certain evidence. In its other four assignments of error, the city argues in various ways that the trial court erred by effectively overturning a prior, unappealed determination that Lowe's home constituted a public nuisance.
The present appeal stems from the October 21, 1996, entry into Lowe's home by members of the Dayton police department. Upon searching the home, the officers discovered crack pipes, firearms, marijuana, and suspected crack cocaine residue on a table and plate. Based upon this evidence, an officer deemed the home a public nuisance and issued a public nuisance notice to Lowe. The notice informed Lowe that he could appeal the nuisance determination within fifteen days. Lowe failed to file an appeal with the nuisance appeals board, however, until months later. The board dismissed his appeal as untimely on February 7, 1997. Lowe never appealed that ruling.
Additionally, on December 6, 1996, criminal complaints were filed in Dayton Municipal Court, charging Lowe with two counts of unauthorized entry upon a nuisance premises and obstructing official business. These charges stemmed from Lowe's failure to vacate the home as required by the nuisance notice. Lowe responded with a motion to suppress/dismiss filed on May 23, 1997. Following a hearing on Lowe's motion, the trial court filed a June 16, 1997, decision and entry dismissing the charges against Lowe.
In support of its ruling, the trial court noted that the evidence discovered in Lowe's home already had been suppressed in a separate criminal prosecution for permitting drug abuse. The judge in the criminal case had found the officers' entry into the home unlawful. Given this fact, the trial court in the present case reasoned:
"It is undisputed that the illegal drugs found in the subject premises were ordered suppressed by Judge Cannon in case no. 96-CRB-14318. Without the existence of those illegal drugs, the issuance of the public nuisance order could not have been made. To date the Montgomery County Prosecutor's office has not taken a felony drug filing on this matter, which is exactly the charge initiated against defendant on the public nuisance order, see exhibit `3', supra. Although defendant did not timely file his appeal to the plaintiff's code enforcement rehabilitation division within fifteen (15) days of his receipt of the notice, it seems rather draconian to now take away defendant's use of his real estate due to missing this `administrative appeal' date. It bears noting that defendant did not run and hide his head in the sand on these charges, rather he hired legal counsel and fought them in the criminal division of this court not only in the case at bar but also in the case on Judge Cannon's docket.
The defendant has invited the court to declare R.C.G.O. Sec. 152.01(E)(2) to be unconstitutional and although it does appear inviting given the facts of this case, the court will, at this time, respectfully decline the invitation. Simply stated, bad facts make bad law.
When the illegal drugs were suppressed by Judge Cannon, the foundation upon which all three charges now pending herein are based, turned to quick sand. Without that foundation, the three charges cannot stand. Fundamental fairness dictates no less in this matter.
It is therefore ordered, adjudged and decreed that defendant's motion to dismiss be and hereby is granted. The charges herein pending against defendant are hereby dismissed with prejudice. Costs to plaintiff."
Following the trial court's dismissal of the unauthorized-entry-upon-a-nuisance and obstructing-official-business charges against Lowe, the city filed a timely notice of appeal, raising five assignments of error. Given their similarity, we will consider the city's second, third, fourth, and fifth assignments of error together. We also will discuss these assignments of error first.
II.
"The trial court committed prejudicial error in refusing to give res judicata effect to an earlier, unappealed nuisance abatement proceeding, thereby failing to estop the appellee from relitigating the underlying basis of the criminal charge."
III.
"The trial court committed prejudicial error in concluding that the unappealed nuisance abatement proceeding must be suppressed."
IV.
"The trial court committed prejudicial error in dismissing the complaints in this case upon the ground of an unlawful search and seizure, where no evidence essential to the prosecution of the case was found to have been produced by the search and seizure."
v.
"The trial court committed prejudicial error in sustaining a motion to suppress evidence in a misdemeanor criminal case based upon a claimed unlawful search and seizure, where an administrative appeal process preceded the filing of the misdemeanor criminal complaint, where the defendant had notice of that administrative process, where the defendant failed to raise that issue and to exhaust his administrative remedies when he had an opportunity to do so in the administrative appeal process, where the parties to both proceedings were the same, and where the prosecuting attorney made an appropriate objection upon those grounds."
In these assignments of error, the state contends, with slight variations, that the trial court erred by effectively declaring the public nuisance order invalid. The state specifically challenges the trial court's determination that because evidence was suppressed in a separate criminal case, the nuisance-related charges "cannot stand." In support, the state stresses that the unappealed order declaring Lowe's home a nuisance became final fifteen days after issuance. Consequently, the state reasons that the issue before the court in the present case was simply whether Lowe occupied a public nuisance and not whether the home should have been declared a nuisance in the first place.
In response, Lowe argues at length that his failure to challenge the nuisance order administratively should not prevent him from challenging the order now. Lowe's brief raises a number of arguments explaining why his failure to exhaust administrative remedies should not prevent him from raising constitutional and non-constitutional challenges to the nuisance order. Among other things, Lowe argues that no evidence exists to support the public nuisance order. He also contends that the procedure for declaring his home a public nuisance is unconstitutional and that the city's public nuisance statute itself is unconstitutional. Lowe then cites case law for the proposition that exhaustion of administrative remedies is unnecessary when a party raises constitutional issues.
Assuming arguendo that Lowe was not required to exhaust administrative remedies, we still find the city's arguments persuasive. Lowe might have been able to raise constitutional challenges to the public nuisance order without first pursuing an administrative appeal. We need not debate that issue, however, because the procedure for doing so would have been to challenge the order in the common pleas court before the order became final. Lowe failed to do so, and he may not collaterally attack the order's validity in a separate criminal case charging him with unauthorized entry upon a nuisance premises and obstructing official business.
As the state properly notes, the only relevant issues in the present case were (1) whether Lowe occupied a public nuisance and (2) whether he obstructed official business. The issue of whether Lowe's residence should have been declared a public nuisance was not properly before the court. That issue could have been litigated through an administrative appeal to the nuisance board and/or through an appeal to the common pleas court. Lowe failed to challenge the order, however, and it subsequently became final.
In City of Dayton v. Sheibenberger (1986), 33 Ohio App.3d 263, this court considered the appeal of a defendant who was prosecuted for failing to obey a legal order after ignoring an order to remove several piles of lumber from his property. In finding the defendant guilty, the trial court had refused to examine the validity of the housing inspector's order. The trial court had reasoned that the defendant could not challenge the order's validity because he neglected to initiate timely administrative appeal proceedings after the order's issuance. Id. at 264. Upon review, this court agreed, noting that "the initial order of the housing inspector finding noncompliance gave rise to a separate avenue of appeal; appellant's avenue to challenge the validity of the initial order was before the Dayton Housing Appeals Board and not by way of an affirmative defense to the criminal action." Id; see also City of Wauseon v. Plassman (Feb. 25, 1994), Fulton App. No. 93FU000006, unreported, citingSheibenberger. More recently, in City of Dayton v. Fuhrman (Aug. 30, 1990), Montgomery App. No. 11845, unreported, we stated:
"* * * While the appellant was not required to raise his constitutional objections before the Administrative Housing Appeal Board, he was required to raise these constitutional objections when the opportunity presented itself with an appeal to the Common Pleas Court through its jurisdiction to entertain administrative appeals. In other words, appellant had ten days to appeal the order of the inspector. If the Housing Appeal Board provided him no relief, his remedy was to appeal to the Common Pleas Court. He did not, but now nearly two years later seeks to raise his constitutional objections to the actions of the City in an appeal of his criminal prosecution."
Similarly, in the present case, Lowe's avenue to challenge the nuisance order's validity was through an appeal to the city's Nuisance Appeals Board, or possibly to the common pleas court if he believed exhaustion of administrative appeals was unnecessary for presentation of his constitutional arguments. Lowe may not raise issues related to the nuisance order's validity, however, as a defense to criminal charges for violating the order.Sheibenberger, supra; Plassman, supra. Thus, the trial court erred by dismissing the charges against Lowe, and we sustain the city's second through fifth assignments of error.
I.
"The trial court committed prejudicial error in dismissing the complaints in this case upon the ground of a purportedly unlawful search and seizure."
In this assignment of error, the city provides an alternative argument why the trial court erred in dismissing the criminal complaints against Lowe. Given our resolution of the city's second through fifth assignments of error, however, we find this assignment of error moot. Consequently, pursuant to App.R. 12(A)(1)(c), we need not address it.
Having determined that the trial court improperly dismissed the criminal complaints against Lowe, we hereby reverse the judgment of the Dayton Municipal Court, Criminal Division, and remand this cause for further proceedings.
FAIN, J. and GRADY, J., concur.
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Raymond L. Bilott
Edward B. Neuman
Hon. Daniel G. Gehres