Fulkerson v. Mara

Opinion by WEST, C. This action was instituted by defendant in error, plaintiff below, against plaintiff in error, defendant below, to compel the specific performance of a contract and for damages. Plaintiff alleged in substance that he had purchased by oral contract certain lots in the town of Drumright, Okla., for the sum of $550, having paid $100 of the purchase price, and went into possession of the premises, and had made valuable and lasting improvements thereon, and that said defendant in breach of said contract failed and refused to deliver deed to said premises, but had undertaken to avoid and annul said contract, and had unlawfully taken possession of said lots, and by reason thereof plaintiff had suffered damages in the sum of $2,500. Defendant filed a general denial, and pleaded that he had sold said lots for said sum, but that plaintiff had failed and refused to pay the balance of said purchase price, according to said contract, and had by his acts forfeited his right to said lots, and that since said forfeiture he had sold same to defendants Williams and Budell, who were the owners thereof in good faith. Upon the issues thus made the same was tried to the court and judgment rendered in favor of plaintiff. Defendant has perfected his appeal, and assigns the following errors: (1)The court erred in.declaring specific performance on behalf of the defendant. (2) The court erred in his judgment in granting a decree of specific performance for the reason that said judgment was not sustained by the law and evidence. (3) Tnat the court erred in overruling defendants’ motion for new trial. And in presenting said errors defendant on page 25 of his brief asserts the following proposition, to wit: “We agree that, though the trial court may have decided this ease properly, though upon a wrong theory of the law, that such error in arriving at his conclusion would not constitute reversible error. Therefore we must look at all the facts of the case, and see whether, therefrom, the court erred in decreeing specific performance. If there is error in this case, it is, as to the error assigned: ‘That the court erred in giving judgment in favor of plaintiff for specific performance, for the reason the judgment is not supported by the law and the evidence.’ “In the further discussion of this case we lay down two propositions, to wit: “(1) That the whole transaction comes within the statute of frauds, and therefore specific performance will not lie. “(2) That the plaintiff breached the contract by failing to carry out his part of the contract, and that by his own fault and negligence, and is, therefore, not entitled to equitable relief.” As to the first proposition we think the undisputed evidence discloses that though this was a verbal contract for the purchase of real estate, that a part of the consideration was paid, and that in pursuance of said contract the plaintiff went into possession of the property, and made improvements thereon. Applying this state of facts to the^ule, which has often been announced in this jurisdiction, to the effect that part payment and taking possession in good faith, or taking possession with the knowledge of the vendor, and making valuable improvements, constitutes, sufficient part performance as will warrant a court in decreeing specific performance of the contract, and takes the contract out of the statute of frauds. Sutherland v. Taintor, 17 Okla. 427, 87 Pac. 900; Halsell v. Renfrow, 14 Okla. 674, 78 Pac. 118, 2 Ann. Cas. 286; Purcell v. Corder, 33 Okla. 68, 124 Pac. 457; Collins v. Lackey, 31 Okla. 776, 123 Pac. 1118, 40 L. R. A. (N. S.) 883, Ann. Cas. 1913E, 507. Upon the second proposition it is contended that plaintiff breached the contract by failing to carry out the same, and by his own fault and negligence is therefore not entitled to equitable relief. It appears from "the evidence that this verbal contract was *274 made on tlie 4th day of November, 1914, and that some f,wo weeks thereafter plaintiff paid $100 of the purchase price, and something' like six weeks or more afterwards, when the defendant had moved some temporary buildings off of said lots, plaintiff went isto possession and moved other buildings .thereon and rented said buildings, and that said lots were in his possession at the time defendant undertook to forcibly retake possession of the same, and sell them. The court in reviewing the evidence made a number) of findings of fact, some of which were irrelevant, but on the whole case found in favor of the plaintiff, tie found that there was no particular time that the 'balance of the purchase price was to be paid and the deed delivered, and found, among other things, the following: “There not being sufficient laches on the part of the plaintiff as to prevent him from having specific performance, and there being no innocent purchasers purchasing from said defendant, the plaintiff is entitled to specific performance of the contract upon the payment of the balance of the purchase money.” Upon consideration of all the evidence introduced upon the trial of the cause in the court below, we think there was competent evidence to support the findings and judgment; there was evidence reasonably tending to support the judgment of the court, there was evidence to the effect that plaintiff’s possession was in pursuance of the contract, that he paid a part of the consideration, that the possession was with the consent and knowledge of the defendant, and that the contract of purchase fixed no date when the balance of the purchase price should be paid and deed executed and delivered. It further appears from the evidence that the dealings between the parties hereto were rather loose and conducted in a slipshod manner; that plaintiff had purchased other lots from the defendant which he had paid for, but did not receive a deed for a long time after payment. The court found: “There not being sufficient laches on the part of the plaintiff as to prevent him from having specific performance, and there being no innocent purchasers purchasing from said defendant, the plaintiff is entitled to specific performance of the contract upon the payment of the balance of the purchase money.” Taking all the evidence that tends to prove (he plaintiff’s case, and all inferences and conclusions which may be reasonably drawn therefrom, we think that such evidence is amply sufficient to support the judgment. In case of Reid v. Mix, 63 Kan. 745, 66 Pac. 1021, 55 L. R. A. 706, the Supreme Court of Kansas lays down the following rule: “Whether specific performance of the terms of a mutual contract shall or shall not be decreed, under all the facts and circumstances which go to make up the equities between the parties, rests largely in the sound discretion of the court. One seeking to íescind a mutual contract, of which time is not the essence, on the ground of delay by the other party in complying with its terms, must show either such willful and intentional delay as will evince the intention of the party delaying to treat the contract at an end, or that the delay has caused such damages as will render a decree of specific performance ineauitable and unjust.” As was said by defendants in their brief: “Specific performance is not an absolute right; it is a right resting on judicial discretion of the court to be exercised in aceord-ancé with the principles of equity. That being so, each ease as it arises must be tested by. the principles of equity applied to the par-ticuar facts of the case.” This rule announced by defendants in their brief we believe to be a good concrete statement of the law, and applying the evidence as disclosed by the record to this rule, we are of the opinion that the judgment of the court was proper and just, and therefore should be affirmed. By the Court: It is so ordered.