School District No. 76 v. Capitol National Bank

Opinion of the court by Hainer, J.: The warrants sued upon in this action, except the last one, were issued while the school laws of 1890 were in force. The last warrant sued upon was issued March 18, 1893, after the school law of 1890 had been repealed, and the act of March 14,1893, was in operation. The theory of the defendant in error in this case is that the original indebtedness was an indebtedness incurred by the township for the benefit of all the inhabitants thereof, for the support and maintenance of the public schools; that the township school system was superseded by the district school system by the act of March 14, 1893, when the county superintendent, in pursuance of said act, divided said school township into school districts 76, 77, 78, 79, and 82, the defendants in this action, and that the school districts succeeded to all the property *50 of the old Corporation, and were liable for all the valid debts created and outstanding against said township. It is contended that these warrants, while issued by 'the county clerk, were in fact evidences of indebtedness against the school township, and were a township liability; that the school districts being the legal successors of said school township, were liable upon said warrants, and were, therefore, proper parties to sue. On the other hand, it is contended by the plaintiffs in error that the debts created by the school township are not a township indebtedness, but are a general county liability, and the fact that the act of March 14, 1893, repealed the school law of 1890, and created five school districts out of the former township, does not affect the township liability; that the plaintiff, the Capitol Rational Bank, cannot sustain an action against the defendants. The case, then, turns upon the question whether the warrants sued upon Jn this action are a township or a school district liability. It is a well-established principle of law that when a corporation is extinguished, and new corporations are created out of the same territory that was included in the old corporation, the new corporations succeed to all the rights and property of the extinguished corporation; and such successors are bound by the valid contracts and liabilities of the former corporation. (Broughton v. Pensacola, 93 U. S. 266; Mobile v. Watson, 116 U. S. 289, 6 Sup. Ct. 398; Girard v. Philadelphia, 7 Wall. 1; Mt. Pleasant v. Beckwith, 100 U. S. 514.) If the warrants sued on in this action were evidences of indebtedness created by the township as a township liability, to be paid exclusively out of the township school fund, levied for that purpose by the township, and for the *51 purpose of maintaining and supporting the schools of the township, then, in fact, it was a township indebtedness, and being a township indebtedness, the new school districts, which were created out of the former school township, were liable for such debts. But we do not think the provisions of our statute will permit of such a conclusion. The Statutes of 1890 provide for three modes in which to levy and collect taxes for school purposes: First, section 6435 provides: “That the county commissioners shall at the time the annual taxes for the territorial and county purposes are levied, levy on the taxable property of the county, a tax not to exceed one per cent., which shall be collected as other taxes; and the money so realized, together with all moneys collected from fines, forfeitures, penalties, proceeds from the sale of estrays and all moneys paid by persons as equivalent for exemption from military duty, and all moneys collected from marriage licenses, shall constitute a county school fund, and be appropriated exclusively for the purpose of establishing and supporting public schools for not less than three and more than nine months in each year, and defraying current expenses of the same, of every description; and said county school fund shall be apportioned to each school township in said county in proportion to the number of children over the age of 6 years, and under the age of 21 years, resident therein, as shown by the last annual enumeration of the same.” Second, section 6436 is as follows: “In each school district, school township and city, as the case may be, the electors thereof may at the annual election for the choice of members of the school board, vote upon the district, town snip or city, a school tax of not to- exceed one per cent, for that year, to *52 be used for the .purposes named in the preceding section, and for the purpose of building, repairing, and improving school houses, of procuring furniture, fuel, libraries and apparatus, and for all other necessary incidental expenses. The secretary of the board shall certify to the county clerk the number of mills so voted, who is hereby authorized and required to place the mills on the tax rolls of said count}7, as a levy on the taxable property in that district, township or city, to be collected by the treasurer of the county, as other taxes, and payment on orders and warrants drawn by authority of the school board of the district, township or city.” And, third, section 6469, which provides for a separate school tax, is as follows: “In all counties in which the electors have voted to establish separate schools for white and colored children, the board of commissioners shall annually levy a tax in addition to the tax provided for in section 6435, of this act, sufficient to maintain such separate schools.” Here, then, we had (1) a general county school fund, (2) a township school fund, and (3) a separate county school fund for colored children. The legislature expressly provided “that where separate schools are maintained in the county, a separate school tax must be levied annually,” in addition to the general school tax, upon all the taxable property of the citizens of the county. It did not contemplate that the separate schools for colored children should be maintained by a tax levied upon the property of the citizens of the township. It appears that the warrants in this case were issued for the purpose of building a school house for colored children, for fuel, and for teachers’ wages to maintain such schools in said township. The township had no power to incur any in *53 debtedness for sucb purposes, and therefore it could not be a township liability. Section 6412, of the Statutes of 1890, required the school board of the township to audit and allow a claim, and issue its order to the party entitled thereto, directed to the county clerk; and the county clerk was required to draw a warrant on the county treasurer for the amount due such party. Rut this fact does not change the liability of the township. These warrants could not have been legally drawn on the township fund, neither could they have been drawn on the county general fund. The express language of the statute is that there should be “a separate tax levied on all the taxable property of the county” for this specific purpose, sufficient to maintain such separate schools. It will be observed that there is absolutely no limitation as to the amount of taxes that could be levied for this purpose. Under the provisions of this statute it was the duty of the county commissioners to levy a sufficient amount of taxes to maintain such separate schools. Section 6472 of the act relating to separate schools provides : “Any person aggrieved by any actions on the part of a district or township school board, or board of county commissioners, in failing to comply with the provisions of this act, may have his remedy by a writ of mandamus against such district or township school board, or board of county commissioners in any court having jurisdiction, and such action may be brought in the name of the party aggrieved or his or her parent or guardian.” From these various provisions of the statute relating to schools, which were in force at the time the debts were created, and the warrants issued, upon which this action is based, we draw the following- conclusions: *54 I. When separate schools are established as provided in ch. 79, art. 13, Laws of 1890, an annual tax is required to be levied by the board of county commissioners, in addition to the general county tax provided for in section G435, sufficient to maintain such separate schools. Wh'en a township, therefore, under the schools laws of 1890," erected a school house, paid teachers’ wages, and purchased fuel, for the support and maintenance of such separate schools, the debts incurred for such purposes are not a township liability. II. A school warrant drawn by the county clerk on the county treasurer, in compliance with the provisions of section 6412 of the Laws of 1890, to be paid out of the moneys of the separate school fund in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated, does not constitute a township or school district obligation. III. A holder of school warrants drawn by the county clerk on the county treasurer under the school laws of 1890, to be paid out of the moneys of the separate school fund in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated, cannot maintain an action thereon against the township, or its legal successors, the school districts created out of said township. The court therefore erred in overruling the demurrer to the petition. Other errors are assigned and argued by counsel for plaintiffs in error, but as this case must be reversed for the reasons herein stated, it is not necessary to consider them. The judgment of the court below is reversed, and the case remanded, with instructions to sustain the demurrer to the petition and dismiss said action. All the Justices concurring.