Wayne Tank & Pump Co. v. Harper

Opinion by ESTES, C. Parties appear in the same order as in the trial court. Plaintiff sued defendant in replevin for a gasoline pump, basing i-ts action upon a conditional sales contract retaining title in plaintiff, alleging a balance due. The written contract contained a warranty against defective workmanship and material, providing that defective parts, when returned to plaintiff, would be replaced. Defendant answered by general denial and counterclaimed for damages, alleging that the pump was so defeot-tive in its parts as not to be fit tor the purposes for which it was made and sold, resulting in a partial failure of consideration. Prom a judgment for defendant, plaintiff appeals. It is first contended that the writ-ten warranty against defective workmanship and material excludes -the implied warranty of fitness set up by defendant. In the absence of contract which negatives the same, there *275 is an implied warranty in the sale of machinery that it is suitable to- perform the ordinary work for which it was made. Fairbanks, Morse & Co. v. Miller et al., 80 Okla. 265, 195 Pac. 1083; G. M. C. Truck Co. v. Kelley, 105 Okla. 84, 231 Pac. 882. The allegations of defendant and the instructions of the court were consonant with said rule, and the evidence reasonably tends to support the verdict in this behalf. It is contended that said defense was not permissible in a replevin action. In order for plaintiff to recover — in order to show a special interest .or ownership in the pump — it was necessary to- show a balance due on the contract. It is held in Jesse French Piano & Organ Co. v. Bodovitz, 73 Okla. 87, 174 Pac. 765, that parol evidence to show an entire absence, or a partial or total failure of consideration, is within the ritle which excepts such evidence to vary the terms of a written contract. As shown therein, a plea of breach of warranty is the substantial equivalent of a plea of failure of consideration. The principle is that, since the article received is not the kind agreed for, the expected consideration for the note never passed. Also, it is held that breach of a parol warranty may be shown as a' defense pro tanto in an action between the original parties to a note executed for the purchase price. This case has been often followed by this court, including Fredrick et al. v. Ludwig. 112 Okla. 217, 240 Pac. 1049. See, also, 3 R. C. L. 947. We see no reason why the rule thus applicable to promissory notes should not-apply to the conditional sales contract herein. That is, such contract being a promise to pay and also retaining title in plaintiff until the whole purchase price is paid, is the predicate for the special interest claimed by plaintiff in the pump, -the basis of its right to possession in this replevin action, an unpaid balance being alleged. The scope of replevin is such that such equities between the patties may be adjusted in that action. Now, if there was a breach of the implied warranty of fitness, there was, pro tanto, a failure of consideration. Wherefore, whether there was any balance due plaintiff entitling it to possession, depended upon determina-' tion and offsetting the damages for breach of warranty, if any. Wherefore, such plea is competent in a replevin action. It is here assigned that the verdict is contrary to the evidence. ^Plaintiff did noc demur to defendant’s evidence in support of his counterclaim, or ask an instructed verdict, or otherwise attack the sufficiency of the evidence. Plaintiff cannot, therefore, in chis court claim the evidence does not reasonably tend to support the verdict, eren though assigned in the motion for new trial as grounds therefor. Holman et al. v. Lozier, 100 Okla. 128, 227 Pac. 886: Plaintiff assigns error in the giving of a certain instruction. While the record shows that such instruction was noted as excepted to by plaintiff, the record does not show that the same was signed by the judge, and is not sufficient to bring such instruction here for review. Section 542, C. O. S. 1921, is: “It shall be sufficient to write at the close of each instruction, ‘refused and excepted to,’ «r ‘given and excepted to,’ which shall be signed by the judge.” Thus, it seems to be plain and manda rory that the judge should so sign. Security Ben. Ass’n v. Lloyd et al., 97 Okla. 39, 222 Pac. 544; Whitehead et al. v. Cook, 100 Okla. 282, 229 Pac. 254. Plaintiff next complains of the refusal of the court to give certain request" ed instructions. We And that the issues presented by such requested instructions. were substantially cowered by other instructions given by the court. Let the judgment be affirmed. By the Court: It is so ordered.