Weldon v. Land

KANE, J. This was an action in forcible entry and detainer, commenced by tibe defendant in error, plaintiff below, against the plaintiff in error, defendant below, before a justice of the peace. Hereafter, for convenience, the parties will be designated “plaintiff” and “defendant,” respectively, as they appeared in the trial court. The trial in the justice court resulted in a judgment in favor of the plaintiff, whereupon the defendant appealed to the district court, where the. case was again tried de novo, with the same result. For the purpose of reviewing the action of the district court in rendering judgment in favor of the plaintiff this proceeding in error was commenced. The subject-matter of the action is a tract of school land belonging to the state, and the plaintiff claims the right to the immediate possession thereof as a lessee of t'he school land department of the state. If we understand the defendant’s contention correctly, it may be summarized as follows: It seems that prior to the execution of the lease to the plaintiff the land in controversy had been leased by the school land department to'one McDonold, who thereafter and prior to the execution of the lease to the plaintiff relinquished the same back to the state; that, although the former lease appeared to be in the name of McDonold, me W. A. Yates entered into possession of the leased premises under some sort of an agreement with McDonold, the precise nature of which is not disclosed, during which time he placed improvements thereon of considerable value. After the death of W. A. Yates his administrator, W. 0. Yates, assigned whatever interest the deceased claimed in the land to the defendant for the year 1017, and placed him in possession of the premises. The' claim of the defendant as to 'his right to remain in possession, notwithstanding the loase of. he plaintiff, is stated by his counsel in his brief as follows: “The fee to this land is in the state of Oklahoma. For years the lease had! stood in the name of D. D. McDonold; he never malting any claim to possession nor paying rentals. 'Yates had exclusive possession, builded and owned' the improvements. The title pleaded by plaintiff was a lease from the state. McDonold was plaiutiff’s grantor by assignment of the leasehold right, and the plaintiff would therefore take his lease burdened with the trust or equitable title or right existing while McDonold held the lease. Defendant was in possession under lease from Yates. Therefore we conclude that 'the facts show an equitable right in Yates, which would he color of title or right sufficient, as against the plaintiff, to show defendant’s right of possession and lift this ease out of the statutes -of forcible entry and detainer. Further, we think Yates would be entitled to retain possession under his improvement rights until he -wias compensated for ¡his improvements, or plaintiff should be sent to his remedy by ejectment, in which Yates could have his improvement rights adjudicated.” We are unable to agree with any of these contentions. No enforceable trust relation could possibly arise between McDonold and Yates out of the alleged agreement pertaining to this tract of school land which was clearly made for the purpose of defeating the statutes governing the leasing of school lands by the state. Section 7432, Comp. Laws 1909, which was in force during the time the alleged agreement between Mc-Donold and Yates existed, provides in part as follows: “Sections sixteen and thirty-six of each congressional township, where the same have been set aside for the benefit of the common schools 'shall be leased for periods of ten years. The present lessee including those having a right of re-lease shall have the right to lease not more than one hundred and sixty acres 'east of the range line between ranges thirteen and fourteen west Indian meridian, not more than six hundred and forty acres west of said range line; * # *» And section 7190, Rev. Laws .1910, provides that: “Any lessee who is a resident of t'he state of Oklahoma, may sublease the land upon which he has a lease, for a period of not more than one year: Provided, that before any lessee shall be permitted to sublet any such laud, he shall make application to the commissioners of the land office for a permit. * * *” The uncontradieted evidence contained in the record in the case before us shows not only that Yates was ineligible to lease the class of land herein involved himself, on account of already having a lease on another 160-aere tract of school land, but that ¡his sublessee, McDonold, had not procured a permit to sublet the land as required by section 7190, supra. In the case of Noel v. *233 Barrett, 18 Okla. 804, 90 Pac. 12, it was held that: “Where the law and regulations in force prohibit any one person from leasing more than one quarter section of land, public policy forbids that another person shall lease and hold other such lands for a lessee! and one who has a valid lease upon school lands to the ■ maximum, amount permitted, is es-topped from claiming that another lease is held for him.” On account of the total disregard of these statutes, it must be held that Yates was occupying the land unlawfully without color of title, and therefore he conferred upon the defendant Weldon by his assignment no lietter title or right of possession than he had himself. In these circumstances the plaintiff fiad a right to proceed pursuant to section 5505, Rev. Laws 3910, which provides in ■effect that proceedings by forcible entry and detainer may be had “in eases where the defendant is a settler or occupier of lands and tenements without color of tile.” For the reasons stated, the judgment of the court below is affirmed. All the Justices concur.