Hoffeditz v. Bosserman

Opinion by Mr. Chief Justice Moschzisker, The facts set forth in the two following paragraphs of this opinion were agreed upon in a case-stated between Laura A. Brosius and Margaret S. Hoffeditz, vendors and plaintiffs, and J. E. Bosserman and C. I. Selser, *573 vendees and defendants; and, further, the parties stipulated : “If the court be of opinion that [plaintiffs] can convey to defendants a good title in fee simple for the property sold by them to defendants, then judgment to be entered in favor of plaintiffs in the sum of $4,050; otherwise, judgment to be entered for defendants, each party reserving the right of appeal from the decree of the lower court.” “The property in question was owned in his lifetime by Ezra Brubaker, who died January, 1916, leaving a holographic will......as follows: ‘......First All my just debts and funeral expenses shall be first paid Second I give devise and bequeath all the rest residue and remainder of my estate both real and personal to my beloved wife Annie E. Brubaker to have to hold to her my said wife and to her heirs and assigns forever Third I nominate and appoint my said wife Annie E. Brubaker to be the executor of this my last will and testament, hereby revoking all former wills by me made Fourth And after the death of my beloved wife Annie E. Brubaker the estate both real and personal shall be equely devided between my two daughters I nominate and appoint my two daughters Laura A. Brosius and Margaret S. Hoffeditz to be the executors of this my last will Fifth and if Mrs. Laura A. Brosius dies and leaves no issue then her share shall be equely devided amongst Mrs. Margaret S. Hoffeditz’s children Sixth and if Mrs. Margaret S. Hoffeditz dies then her share shall be equely devided amongst her children’ “Ezra Brubaker left as his heirs-at-law his widow, Annie E. Brubaker, and the two daughters, plaintiffs in this suit. Annie E. Brubaker, the widow, died intestate on or about the tenth day of December, 1923, leaving to survive her as her only heirs-at-law the plaintiffs.” The court below found in favor of plaintiffs and defendants appealed. *574 We are of opinion that, without regard to whether testator’s widow took a fee or only a life estate, on her death the fee passed to her two daughters, the plaintiffs, either as the sole heirs of their mother or as devisees under their father’s will; for, as we read the will, the fifth item thereof means, if testator’s widow survived him and plaintiffs should die before their mother, at the death of the latter, their several shares should go to their children as substituted devisees, or to the children of Mrs. Hoffeditz if her sister left no issue. Since testator’s children outlived both their father and mother, the possible interests of the grandchildren are defeated, and plaintiffs, as the only ones in interest, can convey a fee, provided, of course, that their husbands join in the deed. We have said many times that, “A court should never undertake to declare title to real estate good and marketable unless all the parties in interest are present on the record” (see Schuldt v. Reading Trust Co., 270 Pa. 363, 366; Hebron v. Magda, 280 Pa. 508, 510-11; Smith v. Bloomington Coal Co., 282 Pa. 248); this means all parties with a substantial interest in the controversy before the court, in the sense that, in order to determine the cause, their rights must be passed upon. In a case like the present all persons ought to be made parties who, on the face of the will, have such a color or possibility of interest that the title to the property in controversy would not be marketable (in the sense of acceptable to ordinarily prudent purchasers) without their legal status first being judicially determined. We said in Hartley v. Langkamp et al., 243 Pa. 550, 555, that all parties “must be joined who otherwise, not being bound by the decree, might assert a demand against the principal defendant which would be inequitable after the latter’s performance of a decree-in favor of plaintiff”; and in Springfield Real Estate Co. v. Kellett, 281 Pa. 398, 400-1, that “If the question for adjudication depends on a gift by will or otherwise and the point to be decided *575 is which of two or more donees are entitled to the fee, consideration of the case should be postponed until all parties possibly interested are given an opportunity to be heard.” Here, plaintiffs have minor children who, it is reasonable to anticipate, if they are not put in a position to be bound by the present judgment, may claim title in the future, and whose possible interest, counsel inform us, this case was brought to determine; which latter fact shows that the parties litigant did not consider the title marketable until the legal standing of these minors in relation thereto was adjudged, yet they were not made parties in the court below, as they should have been, and therefore would not be bound by the judgment rendered. At argument in this court, however, leave was asked and granted to have the guardian of the minors appear by counsel. Since then counsel has appeared and filed a petition to intervene on behalf of Charles Walter, guardian ad litem, wherein he adopts, “as his argument on behalf of the minors,......the argument filed in behalf of the appellants”; this petition having been granted, the case is ripe for determination, but we take occasion to say, as a guide for the future, that the guardian should have appeared in the court below. The judgment is affirmed.