Barnes v. Altoona & Logan Valley Electric Railway Co.

Opinion by Gawthrop, J., Defendant appeals from two judgments against it following verdicts assessing damages to plaintiffs for personal injuries and for the destruction of an automobile, resulting from a collision between one of defendant’s cars and the automobile at a grade crossing. The cases were tried together in the court below, were argued together in this court and will be disposed of in one opinion. The'disposition of the cases involves a determination of the question whether plaintiffs were contributorily negligent. It appears from the evidence that Joseph Barnes, minor son of Prances B. Barnes, one of the plaintiffs, was driving an automobile which belonged to the estate of the latter’s deceased husband, John Barnes, on the public highway leading from Tyrone to East Altoona. Prances B. Barnes occupied *334 the front seat with the driver and there were three passengers on the back seat. At the crossing where the accident happened, at East Altoona Station, defendant maintains a double line of tracks running east, and west, the south track taking the eastbound cars and the north track the westbound cars. For a distance of about five hundred feet east of the crossing the highway on which the plaintiffs were driving runs parallel to the tracks of defendant on the south side thereof. At East Altoona Station the highway crosses defendant’s tracks at a right angle grade crossing. About 10 :30! A. M. on the day of the accident as the driver of the automobile approached the crossing from the east he saw one of defendant’s trolley cars approaching from the west on the eastbound track. He stopped his automobile ten feet from the south track and waited for the car to pass the crossing. When the car had barely cleared the crossing it stopped to unload passengers. The driver of the automobile thus described what followed: “As this one car was unloading passengers I put the car in low gear and started across the track in the rear of this car; as I got my front wheel on the track the other car hit me. ’ ’ When asked by his counsel whether he observed! the track to the east, he said: “Yes, before I started. The car on the other track obstructed the view and I was hit before I had a chance to see the car that hit me. ’ ’ On cross-examination he said that he saw a car coming from Altoona, and pulled right up to the turn where the road goes over the track's and stopped; that, after looking to see if there was a car coming and he could not see one, he “put it in low gear and started...... just the minute I got on the other track the other car hit me. ’ ’ A part of the cross-examination of the witness is as follows: Q. And just as you got on to the other track you were struck? A. Yes, sir. Q. Now when you passed you drove in the rear of the car standing there? A. Yes, sir. Q. When you got by that *335 car how far could, you look down the track? A. I didn’t get by the car until I was' hit; just the front end of my car was by the standing car when it was hit. Q. When you got over the first track did you look for the approach of a car on the second track? A. No, as soon as I got over the first track I was hit, before I could look down the track on account of the obstruction of the car. Q. Do you say before you got over the first track you were hit? A. Before I got my whole car over. Q. Couldn’t you look down, after you passed the first ear, to see if there was lanother car approaching? A. No, sir. Q. Why? A. Because I was struck before I. had a chance to look. Q. You could have looked, could you? A. No, sir. Q. Why not? A. Because I was struck before I got far enough to see down the track. Q. How far from the rear end of the standing car did you drive over the track? A. Bight in the rear. Q. Now when you started up, did you look again? A. Just before I started I looked. Q. And that was the only look you gave? A. When I started up I couldn’t see anything as I went on. Q. The last look you gave was before you started? A. Just as I started. Q. Then you traveled ten feet before you looked again? A. I looked as I was going up. Q. You stated a moment ago that the last look you gave was when you started and that was ten feet from the track? A. I looked just as I started; I looked to the right as I started and to the left after I started. Q. But you didn’t look for that ten feet? A. I couldn’t because of the other car. Q. How would that prevent you? A. Part of this was on the turn and part of it was hidden from view by the car standing there. Q. That is the only look you gave until you were struck? A. Yes, sir, the only one I had a chance to. I couldn’t look on the other side. Q. Did you stop before you reached the second track? A. No, sir. Q. And so your view *336 was obstructed by tbe standing car?. A. When I got up to that ear, yes, sir. Q. Now when did you first see the approacbing car that struck you? A. Not until it bit me.” Prances B. Barnes, tbe mother of tbe driver, who sat beside him, testified that she did not look for tbe approach of a car from tbe east after tbe automobile started. It appears that both witnesses were familiar with tbe crossing and knew that oars ran in both directions. The width of tbe whole crossing was twenty-eight feet, and there was a space of ten feet between tbe eastbound and tbe westbound tracks. Tbe only rational inference to be drawn from this testimony is that tbe driver of the automobile attempted to cross tbe second track while tbe standing car made it impossible for him to see to tbe right for a sufficient distance to safeguard himself against a car approacbing from tbe east. Under tbe circumstances, bis own lack of caution bars recovery. It is an unbending rule that it is tbe duty of one about to cross tbe track of an electric railway company at a grade crossing to look immediately before committing himself to the crossing. P'ailure to observe tbe rule is negligence per se: Griffith v. Phila. R. T. Co., 267 Pa. 81, 84. If when one looks at tbe edge of the tracks bis view is obstructed so that be cannot see, it then becomes bis duty to listen and, if bis eyes and ears-will-not enable him to safeguard himself against a car which he is bound to know may be aproacbing, it is bis duty to stop: Smathers v. Street Ry. Co., 226 Pa. 212, 215. Barnes’ testimony is all to tbe effect that immediately after tbe eastbound car stopped be started to cross tbe first track and tbe intervening ten feet to tbe other track and did not stop again, although from tbe time be started he could not see whether a car was approaching from the east. He could have stopped on tbe first track, or when tbe front of bis machine was on-tbe space between the eastbound and westbound tracks. If be bad done so be would have *337 seen the car coming and would have been safe. Instead of performing the positive and imperative duty of stopping immediately before committing himself to the second track when he could not see a car approaching from the east, he drove blindly on and took the chance iat his own peril, in plain disregard of the dictates of the most ordinary prudence. A jury cannot be allowed to draw any other inference. The unfortunate accident was clearly the result of the negligence of the driver of the automobile. There is a close analogy between the case at bar and Nolder v. Penna. R. R. Co., 278 Pa. 495, in which a pedestrian approached a double railroad track, stopped, looked and listened and then, without further stopping, walked over the first track and the space between the two tracks and, as he stepped into the middle of the second track, was struck' by a passing train which he could have seen if he had looked immediately before committing himself to the second track. It was held that judgment should have been entered for defendant notwithstanding the verdict, on the ground that plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence in failing to stop the second time before he undertook to cross the second track. As the plaintiff, Frances B. Barnes, was in control of the automobile, we are constrained to hold that the contributory negligence of the driver is a bar to a recovery in her action for personal injuries, as well as in the action for damages to the machine. The judgments are reversed and entered for defendant.