Clayton v. Industrial Life Insurance

Opinion by Ross, J., These appeals are from refusal of the court below to enter judgment n. o. v. for the defendants after verdicts of the jury for the plaintiff, the beneficiary of a life insurance policy and of a beneficial certificate. The cases were tried together and will be treated as one appeal, the evidence being the same and the same question *79 being involved: Did the plaintiff have an insurable interest in the life of the insured, her blood uncle? Prior to 1914 and until 1934, the insured resided with the plaintiff and her husband and their children in the city of Chester. The insured disappeared in 1934, was not heard from thereafter and his death was proved by seven years’ unexplained absence. The policy on the life of her uncle was issued to the plaintiff on March 2, 1914, and she paid the premiums thereon until May 3, 1946. Article IY, section 412 of the Insurance Company Law of 1921, P. L. 682, 40 PS 512, provides in part as follows: “. . . no person shall cause to be insured the life of another, unless the beneficiary named in such policy . . . has an insurable interest in the life of the insured. The term ‘insurable interest’ is defined as meaning, in the case of persons related by blood or law, an interest engendered by love and affection, and, in the case of other persons, a lawful economic interest in having the life of the insured continue, as distinguished from an interest which would arise only by the death of the insured”. Before the enactment of this statute insurable interest had been defined as one reasonably justifying an expectation of advantage or benefit from the continuance of the life of the insured, so that the purpose of the party effecting the insurance is to secure that advantage and not merely to place a wager upon the duration of human life, and the statutory definition is but a broader expression of what in effect had prior thereto been the law in Pennsylvania. Gibbons’ Estate, 331 Pa. 36, 200 A. 55. In this case, the jury in addition to returning a verdict in favor of the plaintiff, answered in the affirmative the following questions submitted to it: “Did Helen Clayton have an interest engendered by love and affection in the life of her uncle, Robert Berry?” and “Did Helen Clayton have a lawful economic interest in having the life of her uncle, Robert Berry, continue?” The *80 insurable interest of a beneficiary in the life of an insured may properly be submitted to the jury (McGraw v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 5 Pa. Superior Ct. 488) although if the evidence showing the relationship of the parties is not disputed, it is for the court to say whether an insurable interest exists. U. S. Life Ins. & Trust Co. v. Brown (No. 2), 270 Pa. 270, 113 A. 446. The jury’s finding that love and affection existed between the insured and the beneficiary is amply supported by the evidence but the defendant contends that such love and affection does not “engender” an insurable interest, that the love and affection which will give rise to an insurable interest is limited to the relationship between husband and wife and parent and child or wheré there exists an in loco parentis relationship. In all cases there must be a reasonable ground, founded upon the relations of the parties to each other, either pecuniary or of blood or affinity, to expect some benefit or advantage from the continuance of the life of the insured but between husband and wife, and parent and child, the relationship is so close and intimate, and the mutual dependence and legal liability for support so manifest, that nothing more is wanting to establish the insurable interest. Appeal of Corson, 113 Pa. 438, 6 A. 213. The plaintiff had no insurable interest in the life of her uncle by virtue of the relationship alone (Appeal of Corson, supra; U. S. Life Ins. & Trust Co. v. Brown (No.1), 270 Pa. 264, 113 A. 443), but she does not rely on her relationship to establish her insurable interest. The facts in this case show that she could expect some benefit or advantage from the continuance of the life of her uncle find the blood relationship and the love and affection between them are important as tending to show that the relationship in the home that had existed for more than twenty years would continue. . Prior to the issuance of the policy in 1914, the plaintiff’s husband was required to work at night and, after *81 someone tried to break into tbeir bouse while be was at bis work, tbe insured was asked to come in in tbe evenings as company for tbe wife and children and later on be was requested to live with them, which be did “as one of tbe family” until bis disappearance twenty years later. During that time tbe insured “would do anything he could to help” tbe beneficiary and her family. He did chores about tbe bouse and assisted in tbe raising of tbe children, looking after them and preparing tbeir meals when tbe plaintiff was not there. He took care of tbe fires, cleaned tbe snow from tbe sidewalk, ran errands and was a companion and protection in tbe evenings. Because of tbe assistance given by him, tbe plaintiff was enabled to go out and do housework, thereby earning money, but after tbe insured’s disappearance it was impossible for her to continue to do day work and in addition she lost tbe assistance of tbe insured in tbe many services around tbe bouse which be bad performed during bis lifetime. Clearly, if tbe insured bad over a period of twenty years furnished money to the beneficiary to enable her to employ a companion for her and her children while the husband was at bis nighttime work, a maid to help with tbe housework, a handyman to shovel snow, keep tbe fires burning, and do odd chores around tbe bouse, a nurse to stay with, tbe children so that tbe plaintiff could do “day work” — or one person to perform all these services — it could not be contended that she did not have a “lawful economic interest” in tbe continuance of her uncle’s life. Here instead of furnishing tbe money for these services, be himself performed them. Under tbe evidence in this case, there was reasonable and substantial ground for tbe plaintiff to expect “advantage or benefit from the continuance of tbe life of tbe insured” and, therefore, she bad a “lawful economic interest” in having bis life continue. Judgments affirmed.