Knoll v. Harborcreek Twp., Etc.

Opinion by Trexler, J., The Public Service Commission, December 23, 1919, in the exercise of the power to abolish grade crossings, ordered that a subway be constructed which would carry what was known as the Buffalo Road under certain railroad tracks and traction line and thus eliminate two grade crossings. In the carrying out of this plan the grade in front of plaintiff’s property was changed in order to afford an approach and access to the proposed subway, 'and the County of Erie and the Township of Harborcreek were directed, among other things, to pay fifty per cent of all damages caused by the construction of such highway, as well as any damages legally sustained by any adjacent property. For the change of grade plaintiff claims damages. The Public Service Commission allowed him none, holding that the benefits equalled the damages. He then took his appeal as provided by the Public Service Act 'and a jury of Elrie County gave him a verdict for $1,000. *425 Appellants claim that as no land was taken in the construction of said approach to the subway no damages can be recovered. The Commonwealth may escape liability, but it may ¡also assume it or impose it on the public service corporations or political subdivisions interested. There is nothing in the Constitution to prevent this. The Act of July 26, 1913, P. L. 1375, pp. 1409, 10, creating the Public Service Commission provides for the abolition of any grade crossing and “the compensation for damages, which the owners of adjacent property, taken, injured, or destroyed, may sustain in the construction, relocation, alteration, or abolition of any such crossing specified in this section (for which compensation the said owners are hereby invested with warrant or authority, upon appeal from the determination of the commission, to sue the Commonwealth), shall, after due notice and hearing, be ascertained and determined by the commission; and such compensation, as well as the expense of the said construction, relocation, alteration, or abolition of any such crossing, shall be borne and paid, as hereinafter provided, by the public service company or companies or municipal corporations concerned, or by the Commonwealth, either severally or in such proper proportions as the commission may, after due notice and hearing, in due course, determine, unless the said proportions are mutually agreed upon and paid by those interested as aforesaid.” Here is la legislative act which fixes a method whereby the cost of eliminating grade crossings shall be apportioned, and the commission is designated to carry out the details of the scheme. The counties and townships are subdivisions of the State, are agencies of the government, and barring constitutional prohibitions, ¡are entirely subject to legislative control. When such apportionment is made the extent of the liability is fixed. To escape this the defendants claimed that the road passing the plaintiff’s property ¡and in the grading of *426 ■which the damages were occasioned, was not a part of the improvement having for its purpose the abolishing of the grade crossings, but was a construction of a highway by the State and that for 1a change of grade for such highway there is no liability. If the damage was caused by the State in its sovereign capacity acting through the highway department, then plaintiff has no remedy for he cannot recover for property injured but not taken: article I, section 10, Constitution of Pa.: Highway Route No. 72, 71 Pa. Superior Ct. 90, s. c. 265 Pa. 369. This claim is not borne out by the testimony. The grading of the road in front of plaintiff’s property was a part of the scheme involved in the abolition of the grade crossings and necessary to its accomplishment. As in the erection of a bridge (P'enn Township v. Perry County, 78 Pa. 457) so in the construction of a subway, it is incomplete until everything necessary for use and included in the project has been applied 'and every such appliance is part of it. The change in the highway was made pursuant to the order of the commission, and in accordance to its plans and directions as to the means of approach to be provided for the subway. Although the highway department afterwards paved the street, it had nothing to do with the grading of it, nor had it any supervision over it during its preparations in order to conform to the subway grade. As was said by the trial judge: “Had there been no subway there would have been no necessity for changing the grade at plaintiff’s premises, as the highway would have continued to be where it always had been and at practically the same grade, but on account of this subway the evidence discloses that ‘from about the center of plaintiff’s lot the roadway declined’ ‘and is continuous until it gets to the mouth of the subway,’ ‘being more marked as it gets close to the subway.’ ‘The grade in front of the plaintiff’s property is part of the approach to the subway.’ ” In fine, the right of the legislature to enact the public *427 service law not being questioned, when the commission in strict conformity to said act undertook to abolish these grade crossings and fixed the apportionment among the various corporate bodies required under said act to contribute, the Township of Harborcreek and the County of Erie were by such action bound to comply with the order made. The judgment of the lower court is affirmed.