Textile Hall Corp. v. Riddle

Mr. Associate Justice Tayeor delivered the majority Opinion of the Court. This case comes by way of appeal from the Court of Common Pleas from Greenville County where an action was begun December 7, 1944, for an order requiring W. H. Riddle, as County Auditor to withdraw an assessment for 1944, delete plaintiff’s name from the tax duplicate, and to enjoin him from alleged violations of the Act of General Assembly, approved May 27, 1936, XXXIX Statutes, 1666; Subdivision 54, Section 2578, Code 1942; for judgment against Riddle for actual damages, plaintiff’s cost in the sum of $100-.00 and attorney’s fees. *294 The Act declares plaintiff “an eleemosynary society,” rebates all taxes and exempts from future taxation. A. W. Hill, as County Treasurer, and B. F. Dillard, as City Treasurer, were made parties defendant, because holding themselves bound to collect taxes according to the tax duplicate. It is alleged that unless restrained they will levy taxes, and plaintiff’s property be advertised for sale, causing irreparable injury. Under a rule to show cause all defendants interposed demurrers, and also served answers, questioning the constitutionality of the Act, and plaintiff’s right to equitable relief. The Auditor also alleged that he acted under orders of the Comptroller General. Plaintiff moved to strike out all the pleadings as frivolous, under Section 587 of the Code. Plaintiff also demurred to the answers. In an order, January 27, 1945, the Circuit Judg'e held that as to the answers “the issues raised by the contents thereof are unnecessary for a disposition of this matter.” That it was only necessary to rule upon plaintiff’s motion to strike the demurrers, and its right to equitable relief. The Judge did not pass upon the demurrers to the answer. The motions to- strike were denied. The Court held that the demurrers of the defendants raise the question of lack of facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, because the action is to stay the collection of taxes by injunction, when plaintiff has an adequate remedy at law, under Chapter 109, Article 3 of the Code (Sections 2807, 2808 and 2809). Expressly declining to pass upon the constitutionality of the Act of 1936, on the ground that it was unnecessary, the order is as follows: “The plaintiff herein, Textile Hall Corporation, a corporation under the laws of South Carolina, institutes this ac *295 tion on the equity side of the Court, wherein it alleges that it is entitled to an order by this Court requiring the County Auditor to delete the plaintiffs name from the tax duplicate, and enjoining him from any future procedure of this nature. The plaintiff further alleges, that said order should also require the County Treasurer and the City Clerk and Treasurer to strike plaintiff’s name from their tax books and refrain from attempting to collect taxes from plaintiff now and in the future. “The plaintiff’s basis for asking such relief is that the General Assembly, on the 27th of May, 1936, passed an act entitled ‘An Act Declaring Textile Hall Corporation in the County of Greenville, State of South Carolina, an Eleemosynary Society; to Rebate all Taxes Assessed Against the Same and to Exempt the Same from Future Taxation.’ This Act was approved May 27, 1936, XXXIX Statutes, 1666, and adopted as a part of the Code of Daws of 1942, as Subdivision (54) of Section 2578, as follows: ‘Textile Hall Corporation, in the City of Greenville, County of Greenville, State of South Carolina, is hereby declared to be an eleemosynary society and not used for the purposes of profit and all taxes heretofore assessed against said society or institution and which have not been paid are hereby rebated, and the said Textile Hall Corporation is hereafter exempt from taxes by the State, County or Municipality.’ “In due time the defendants interposed demurrers to plaintiff’s complaint, whereby they question the constitutionality of the above Act of the Legislature, and also- plaintiff’s right to equitable relief when plaintiff has a complete and adequate remedy of law and no other, under Chapter 109, Article 3, of the Code of Laws, State of South Carolina, 1942. The defendants also made their return and answer to plaintiff’s complaint, but the issues raised by the contents thereof are unnecessary for a disposition of this matter. Thereafter, the *296 plaintiff interposed a demurrer to defendants’ returns and answers, and also served notice of a motion to strike (under Section 587 of the Code) defendants’ demurrers and answers, upon the ground that same are frivolous. “Under my view of the matter, it will only be necessary for this Court in disposing of the matter to pass upon plaintiff’s motion to strike defendants’ demurrers as frivolous and that part of defendants’ demurrers whk h question plaintiff’s right to equitable relief, when it has a complete and adequate remedy at law. “As to plaintiff’s motion to strike as frivolous the defendants’ demurrers (the third and fourth grounds are the only pertinent ones as I view the matter, as set forth in plaintiff’s motion) : “ ‘Third. This is not an attempt to stay the collection of taxes, but the assessment thereof, and Chapter 109, Article 3, of the Code of Laws, 1942, does not apply.’ “ ‘Fourth: If it, were an action to stay the collection of taxes, it would not be contrary to the above Article (Section 2807, et seq.) of the Code of 1942 under the decisions of the Supreme Court, because plaintiff has no other adequate legal remedy.’ “I cannot agree with plaintiff that the defendants’ demurrers are subject to such motion, under Section 587 of the Code. My reasons for this view will be seen from the disposition made of defendants’ demurrers to plaintiff’s complaint. Wherefore, plaintiff’s motion to strike the defendants’ demurrers as frivolous is, and the same is hereby, overruled. It is so ordered. The more serious question herein is presented by the defendants’ demurrers to plaintiff’s complaint on the ground that the complaint fails to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action against the defendants, in that it appears upon the face of the complaint that *297 there is an action to stay the collection of taxes by injunction or order, and that the plaintiff has a complete and adequate remedy at law and no other, under Chapter 109, Article 3, of the Code of Raws, State of South Carolina, 1942. “The relevant portions of these sections provide: “Section 2807. ‘The collection of taxes shall not be stayed or prevented by an injunction, writ, or order issued by any court, or judge, thereon; provided, that this section shall only apply to state, county, city, town and school taxes :***.’ “Section 2808. ‘In all cases in which any county, state or other taxes are now or shall be hereafter charged upon the books of any county treasurer of the State against any person, and such treasurer shall claim the payment of the taxes so charged, or against whom such step or proceeding shall be taken * * * shall, if he conceives the same to be unjust or illegal for any cause, pay the said taxes notwithstanding, under protest * * * and upon such payment being made * * *; and the person so paying said taxes may at any time within thirty days after making such payment, but not afterwards, bring an action against the said county treasurer for the recovery thereof in the court of common pleas for the county in which such taxes were payable, and if it be determined in said action that such taxes were payable, and if it be determined in said action that such taxes were wrongfully or illegally collected, for any reason going to the merits, then the court before whom the case is tried shall certify of record that the same were wrongfully collected and ought to be refunded * * *. Provided, further, that the remedies and rights herein given for the payment under protest and the right of recovery shall apply equally to incorporated municipalities, with respect to city taxes * * *.’ “Section 2809. ‘There shall be no other remedy in any case of the illegal or wrongful collection of taxes or attempt *298 to collect taxes, * * * than herein provided. And no writ of mandamus shall be granted or issued from any court, or by the judge of any court, directing or compelling the reception for taxes of any funds * * * not authorized to be received for such taxes by the act of the General Assembly levying the same; and no writ, order, or process of any kind whatsoever, staying or preventing any officer of the State charged with the duty in the collection - of taxes from taking any step or proceeding in the collection of any tax, whether such tax is legally due or not, shall in any cases be granted by any court, or the judge of any court; but in all cases whatsoever the person against whom any taxes shall stand charged upon the books of the county treasurer shall be required to pay the same * * * and thereupon shall have his remedy under the provisions of Section 2808.’ “In the light of the mandatory provisions of Section 2807, it appears that no court or judge thereof has the authority or power by way of injunction, writ or order, to stay the collection of taxes.-This, however, is modified by equitable principles to the extent that there must be provided an adequate legal remedy for aggrieved taxpayers. Section 2808, in this Court’s opinion, provides such an adequate legal remedy, by providing for payment under protest and the bringing of an action within thirty days for the recovery thereof. “The Legislature has seen fit by statutory enactment (Section 2809) to declare this the sole remedy in any case of illegal or wrongful collection, or attempt to collect, taxes; to prohibit any court or judge thereof by process of any kind whatever from staying or preventing any officer charged with a duty in the collection of taxes whether such tax is legally due or not, to require payment of same, and provides redress under Section 2808. “It appears from the authorities that if an adequate legal remedy is provided, then such acts of the Legislature are *299 binding upon a court of equity. As heretofore stated, it is this Court’s opinion that an adequate legal remedy has been provided by the Legislature, and for this reason this Court has no authority as a court of equity to pass an order in compliance with plaintiff’s prayer. “Wherefore, it follows that defendants’ demurrers should be, and they are hereby sustained. “In disposing of this matter, this Court has purposely avoided the constitutional questions raised. The reason for this is that under this Court’s view of the matter, as above set forth, it becomes unnecessary to pass upon the constitutionality of the Act of 1936. “It is so ordered. J. Robt. Martin, Jr., Circuit Judge. “January 27th, 1945.” From this order the plaintiff now appeals to this Court upon exceptions raising the following questions: I. Was there error in refusing to strike defendants’ demurrers as frivolous ? II. Has the plaintiff pursued the proper remedy? III. Can the defendants in their capacity as officers question the constitutionality of Act of 1936, No. 9Í0? IV. Is the Act of 1936, No. 910 exempting the plaintiff from taxation constitutional? This is an appeal from an order on the pleadings and will be so considered by this Court. Therefore, it is unnecessary to pass upon the constitutionality of the Act for the determination of the issues in this appeal. Lias the plaintiff pursued the proper remedy? *300 In the recent case of Chesterfield County v. State Highway Department, 191 S. C., 19, 3 S. E. (2d), 686, the Court reaffirmed the rule in these earlier cases, saying: “It is true that a taxpayer may enjoin the collection of an illegal tax, provided he is afforded no adequate legal remedy against the exaction (Ware Shoals Mfg. Co. v. Jones, 78 S. C., 211, 58 S. E., 811; Santee River Cypress Lumber Co. v. Query et al., 168 S. C., 112, 167 S. E., 22; Federal Land Bank of Columbia v. State Highway Department, 172 S. C., 174, 173 S. E., 284), but sections 2846, 2847, Code, 1932, provide a full, adequate and complete legal remedy by payment under protest and a suit to recover the amount so paid, and Section 2427, Code 1932, provides an adequate, cumulative, and concurrent remedy through application to the Tax Commission, Bank of Johnston et al. v. Prince, County Treas., 136 S. C., 439, 134 S. E., 387. These remedies having been provided, the provisions of Section 2845, Code, 1932, to the effect that the collection of taxes shall not be stayed or prevented by injunction, become fully operative and must be given effect. That the legal remedies thus provided are adequate and exclusive has been so frequently decided as to render the citation of authority superfluous.” In the case of the Telegraph Company v. Town of Winnsboro, 71 S. C., 231, we find the following: “No order of injunction could be lawfully issued by any Court or Judge of this State to stay the collection of a license tax, even if it is plainly discriminatory, extortionate, unjust or illegal, but the tax should be paid and the taxpayer should resort to his statutory action to recover it.” The order refers to sections 2807, 2808 and 2809 of the 1942 Code for South Carolina whose pertinent parts are: Section 2807 provides that the collection of taxes shall not be stayed or prevented by any injunction, writ, or order *301 issued by any Court or Judge thereof. Provided, that this Section shall apply only to State, County, City, Town or School taxes. Section 2808 provides that if any person conceive that the tax against him is unjust or illegal for any cause he shall pay the tax under protest, and within thirty days thereafter bring an action fo recover it. Section 2809 provides that there shall be no other remedy than that provided by Section 2808. The language of these three sections of our Code is clear and explicit. In the case of Chamblee v. Tribble, 23 S. C., 70, the plaintiff brought this action for himself and other taxpayers against the Treasurer of Anderson County to restrain the threatened sale of their property for non-payment of taxes or assessments laid upon them to meet the subscriptions made by their townships to the Savannah Valley R. R. Company. Plaintiff undertook to show there was no tax. The Circuit Judge held that the assessment was a tax, and that under Section 269, now Section 2807, this Court is expressly forbidden from granting order, writ or process of any kind whatsoever staying or preventing the collection thereof whether such tax is legally due or not. The Court at page 76 in a very clear statement said: “It should be remembered in this connection that the object of this section was not to deprive the taxpayer of all remedy in the event that the tax levied should prove to be illegal, nor to enforce the payment of an illegal tax, without remedy, as well as a legal one, but its purpose was simply to postpone the question of illegality to a subsequent proceeding, thereby relieving the tax gatherer from responsibility and preventing delay. It thus assumed, in the first instance, the legality of all taxes imposed by an act and forbade the *302 courts from inquiring into that question, upon proceeding by injunction to stay their collection. The act may seem harsh and imperious, and in some instances may be oppressive, but is it not vindicated by the necessities of government, and the importance of public interests, which concern all, and which rise higher than mere personal and private affairs? Be this as it may, however, the meaning of the act cannot be misunderstood. It inhibits the courts in 'no doubtful language from stopping the collection of taxes, whether legal or illegal, and therefore wherever and whenever a tax is collected, it is present to shield the tax gatherer.” It is strenuously argued that this is not an action to enjoin the collection of a tax, but rather is an action to enjoin an assessment. The facts are that the property has already been placed on the tax books, an assessment has already been made, and that an execution will be issued unless the taxes are paid. Section 2724, Code of 1942 for South Carolina, reads as follows: “2724. Assessment a part of collection — construction of section of tax law — The assessment of property for taxation shall be deemed and held to be a step in the collection of taxes and the sections 2719, 2720, 2721, 2722 and 2723 shall be construed to mean as giving full and complete power to the county auditor, independent of any right conferred upon county boards of assessors or other officers, as to securing a full and complete return of property for taxation in all cases as expressed in said sections, whether fraudulently or otherwise improperly or incompletely made. “The action of said auditor under said sections shall not be interfered with by any court of this State by mandamus, summary process or any other proceeding, but the taxpayer shall have the right, and no other, to pay his tax on such return under protest. This section shall only apply to state, county, municipal and school taxes.” *303 In connection with the above contention, it will be observed that the decision in Bank v. Cromer, 35 S. C., 213, 14 S. E., 493, so strongly relied on by appellant, was prior to the passage of the act which is now incorporated as section 2724 of the Code of 1942. The foregoing question is therefore resolved against the appellant. In view of the above'conclusions, it is unnecessary to pass upon the remaining questions. This Court is of the opinion that all exceptions should be overruled and judgment below affirmed, and it is so ordered. Messrs. Associate Justices Fish burns, Stukes and Oxner concur. Mr. Chiee Justice Baker dissents.