Kershaw County v. Richland County

The opinoni of the Court was delivered by Mr. Justice Pope. The statement in the “Case for Appeal” is as follows: “On the 3d1 day of April, 1899, a bill of indictment was found by the grand1 jury for Richland County, S. C., charging W. R. Crawford with the murder of one Mrs. Stewart, alleged to1 have been committed in the said county of Richland. Subsequently, on motion of the defendant, Crawford, an order was obtained changing the venue from- Richland County to Kershaw County, and the case so removed was tried thereafter at the June term of the Court of General Sessions for said Kershaw County. On the 9th day of June, 1899, the following itemized statement, duly verified, of the fees, costs and expenses of the trial — all of which accrued subsequently to the order changing the venue as aforesaid — was presented to the county board of commissioners of Richland County for approval: 12 jurors, *77 3 days, $54.00; 5 constables, 3 days, $22.50; 2 constables, 2 nights, $6.00; x porter, 3 days, $4.50; 1 porter, 2 nights, $3.00; 1 ticket boy, 1 day, $1.50 — $91.50; 72 meals for jury and constables, at 25c. each, $18.00; -total, $109.70.” Which account was duly certified by Joel Hough, Esq., as clerk of court for Kershaw County. And) the following language is used in the “Case for Appeal“The county board of commissioners for Richland County disallowed the whole of said claim on the ground that the same did not constitute a legal claim against said Richland -County, but made no objection to the proof of said claim.” Thereupon Kershaw County appealed from said -disallowance by the said county board of -commissioners for Richland County to the Circuit Court for Richland County, which appeal came on to be heard before h!is Honor, Judge Townsend-, who reversed the order of disallowance by the county board of commissioners for Richland 'County; whereupon the said board appealed to this Court from Judge Townsend’s judgment on the following grounds: “1. Because his Honor erred in finding as matter of fact that the correctness of the items making up the claim of Kershaw County herein was conceded upon the hearing of this cause. “2. Because his Honor erred in finding as matter of law that the claim of Kershaw County herein constitutes a legal and valid claim against Richland -County, and that the county board of commissioners for Richland County erred in declining to allow and pay the same; whereas-, it appearing that all of the items of said claim accrued after the order changing the venue from Richland County to Kershaw County and during the trial of the cause so transferred, in said Kershaw County, his Honor should have held that the same do not constitute a legal and valid claim against said Richland County, and so holding should have dismissed the appeal. “3. Because his Honor erred in ordering and decreeing that the county board of commissioners for Richland County *78 do audit the whole of said claim and ordier the same to be paid as a valid and1 legal claim against Richland County; whereas, it appearing that Kershaw County had not paid the items representing fees of witnesses, aggregating $688.40, and clerk’s costs, aggregating $8.65, and had made no claim therefor, and that no appeal had been taken from the action of the county board1 of commissioners for Richland County in declining to allow and pay said items, the same were not involved at the hearing, and his Honor was without jurisdiction to render judgment with reference thereto.” I-t was agreed by counsel that the decree of the Circuit Judge should be altered by striking out the figures $796.55 therefrom and by inserting the figures $109.70 in lieu thereof. We will now consider the first ground of appeal. It is true, as stated by the appellant, that the correctness of the items making up the claim of $109.70 was not presented as an issue to be passed upon by the Circuit Judge — hence this ground of appeal is sustained. The question raised by the 'second ground of appeal is for the first time presented to this Court for determination. In the case of Colleton County against Hampton County, 52 S. C., 589, no such question was presented, considered or determined — indeed, it was reserved — hence it is no authority in this contention. This is a case of costs, fees and' expenses arising from the trial of a cause in the 'Circuit Court. It is admitted that the common law allowed no such claims to be made. It is purely a question, therefore, under the statutes of this State — 8 Ency. PI. & Practice, 955; Whittle v. Saluda County, 56 S. C., 506; Green v. Anderson County, 56 S. C., 411; Hightower v. Bamberg County, 54 S. C., 538. Costs are regarded in this State in the nature of penalties. State ex. rel. Bull v. County Treasurer, 10 S. C., 43; Lancaster v. Bamberg County, 40 S. C., 445; Thomson v. Farr, 1 Rich., 4. Is there any statute in this State directing, in so many words, that the county from which a case is removed for trial to a different county, shall pay to such latter county *79 the costs or fees or expenses which accrue from1 the trial of such removed case? We have been unable to find any such statute, and the industry of counsel on each sidle to this controversy has not brought such a statute to our attention. Two reasons are suggested by the respondents why Rich-land County should pay these costs, fees and expenses to Kershaw County: first, because, strictly speaking, it is no longer a question of costs, fees and1 expenses, for as such they were presented1 to and paid by the county of Kershaw, but it is a question of liability for a 'burdien borne by Kershaw County for, and instead of, Richland County. Reference is made in respondent’s argument to the power confided in the county board of commissioners, both by the Constitution of 1895 and the statutes of the State providing for a county government, to pay claims against the respective counties of the State. As wide as the latitude accorded under these instruments to the exercise of power in the county governments in the payment of claims may be, still the statute law has so wisely limited such county governments in the exercise of such power that only legal claims can be paid by them. There can be no claim based upon any supposed equity.' 'Equity follows the law. There has never been cited a claim as to costs, fees and expenses which has been paid as resulting from equity. 7 A. & E. Ency. of Law, page 955 (2d ed.), is as follows: “Costs are not given in criminal cases by the common law, and county commissioners have no authority to pay them except in specific circumstances prescribed by statute.” And on page 956 the same work contains these words: “Statutes exist in many States providing that the costs accruing from a change of venue in a criminal case shall be paid by the county in which the indictment was found. And it seems to be settled that the county in which a crime was committed can be held liable to the county to which the cause was removed for trial only by virtue of some statute” (italics ours). The Circuit Judge was in error. The third ground of appeal was passed upon in our pre *80 liminary remarks. The Circuit Judge was in error here also, but it has been corrected by consent. Lastly, we observe that we have not paid any attention to the items comprising the costs, fees andi expenses herein involved!, because we have-already determined that no costs, fees or expenses could be recovered' by the plaintiff in this cause from Richland County. It is the judgment of this Court, that the judgment of the Circuit Court be reversed, and that the action be recommitted to the Circuit Court with instructions to formulate a judgment dismissing the plaintiff’s appeal from the judgment of the county board of commissioners for Richland County.