Southern States Supply Co. v. Union Indemnity Co.

The opinion of the Court was delivered by Mr. Justice Carter. This action, commenced in the County Court of Richland County February 4, 1930, by Southern States Supply Company against Union Indemnity Company, is based upon a contractor’s bond, executed by J. F. Fitzharris, trading as Florence Plumbing & Heating Company, as principal, and the defendant, Union Indemnity Company, as surety. Issues being joined, the case was tried before Honorable M. S. Whaley, Judge of the said County Court, and a jury on the 8th day of May, 1930. At the conclusion of all the testi *221 mony, plaintiff’s counsel moved for a direction of a verdict on the ground that the defense had failed to establish its defense, and that the plantiff had proven its case, which motion the trial Judge granted, and under direction of the Court the jury found a verdict for the plaintiff in the sum of $1,-382.73, which was the total amount claimed by the plaintiff, as stated during the trial. From the entry of judgment on the verdict, pursuant to due notice, the defendant has appealed to this Court. For the purpose of better understanding the questions presented to this Court, we quote herewith the pleadings in the case which are pertinent: “Compeaint “Plaintiff, complaining of the defendant, alleges : “1. (Incorporation of the plaintiff.) “2. (Incorporation of the defendant.) “3. That on or about the 29th day of March, 1929, J. F. Fitzharris, trading as Florence Plumbing & Pleating Company, as principal, and the defendant, Union Indemnity Company, as surety, as this plaintiff is informed and believes, made and delivered their bond, and thereby bound themselves in the penal sum of One Thousand Eight Hundred’Seventy ($1,870.00) Dollars to H. L. Buck and to all persons who should furnish materials to be used in the residence hereafter mentioned and referred to, and the condition of said bond was that if the principal should faithfully perform the contract hereinafter referred to on his part and satisfy all claims' and demands incurred for the same, and! should pay all persons having contracts directly with said principal for labor and materials, then said bond and obligation should be null and void, otherwise should be of full force and effect. “4. That the contract hereinabove mentioned and referred to, as this plaintiff is informed and believes, was entered into by and between J. F. Fitzharris, trading as Florence Plumbing & Heating Company, and H. U. Buck, of Conway, S. *222 C., on or about the 19th day of November, 1928, for the plumbing and heating in a residence then about to be erected at Conway, S. C., for the said H. D Buck, and has since been erected, and in and by said contract it was provided that the said J. F. Fitzharris, trading as aforesaid, should provide labor and materials and perform all work as shown on the drawings and described in the specifications prepared by the architect, and needed for the installation of the plumbing and heating in said building, for which he should be paid the sum of Four Thousand One Hundred Fifty-one and 77/100 ($4,151.77) Dollars, and the said contract expressly provided that the said J. F. Fitzharris, trading as aforesaid, should give bond with good and sufficient surety, conditioned for the faithful performance of said contract and for the payment of all labor and materials; and the award by the said H. L. Buck of said plumbing and heating contract to the said J. F. Fitzharris, trading as aforesaid, was upon the condition that he should enter into such a contract and give such a bond; and the bond, more particularly set forth in the preceding paragraph, was given pursuant to and in compliance with the terms of said award and contract. “5. That between the 15th day of November, 1928, and the 6th day of August, 1929, both dates inclusive, this plaintiff sold and delivered to J. F. Fitzharris, trading as aforesaid, the principal on said bond, at his request, building material of the value of One Thousand Four Hundred Thirty-six and 58/100 ($1,436.58) Dollars, as will more fully appear by the itemized statement of account hereto attached and made a part of this complaint under contracts made directly with the principal on said bond to be used in said residence, and, as this plaintiff is informed and believes, all of materials shown on said itemized statement have been used in said residence; that the materials shown on said itemized statement were sold on terms whereby the purchases during any calendar month should become due and payable on the 10th day of the following month; that the materials shown *223 on said itemized statement are within the scope and purview of said bond and the amount due to this plaintiff, as shown by said statement, is protected by the said bond. “6. That this plaintiff has not been paid for the materials shown on said itemized statement of account, although said indebtedness is past due and demand for payment has been made; and the condition of said bond has been broken. “7. That this plaintiff is entitled to recover interest on the several items shown on the said account from the date they became due, respectively, as above set forth, at the rate of seven (7%) per cent, per annum. “Wherefore, plaintiff demands judgment of the defendant for the sum of One Thousand Four Hundred Thirty-six and 58/100 ($1,436.58) Dollars, with interest at the rate of seven (7%) per cent per annum, as set forth above and f'or the cost of this action.” “Answer “After setting up a general denial, the defendant alleged that between the dates of November 15, 1928, and August 15, 1929, the plaintiffs received from J. F. Fitzharris, trading as Florence Plumbing & Heating Company, sums of money in excess of Fifteen Hundred ($1,500:00) Dollars, which said sums of money were received by J. F. Fitzharris from H. L. Buck on the contract and job which it is alleged that the defendant was surety on; that the defendant is informed and believes that during the time which plaintiff was furnishing material on the H. D. Buck job, and subsequent thereto, it received from money received by J. F. Fitzharris from H. D. Buck, in payment upon the Buck contract, a total sum in excess of the amount of the material furnished and sold to J. F. Fitzharris for the Buck job, and that by reason of the fact that the plaintiff received of the Buck money a total sum in excess of the amount of the material furnished for the Buck job, and that the defendant is discharged from any and all liability to the plaintiff under the terms of the *224 alleged bond set out in the complaint, and prays that the complaint be dismissed.” On the trial of the case it seems to have been conceded that the bond in question was duly executed. Further, it conclusively appears from the evidence that Mr. Buck paid to Fitzharris the full amount he obligated to pay for the work and installation of the material in question. At the trial the contest centered around the question as to whether or not Fitzharris had paid the plaintiff for this material, and from what source the money came. His Honor, the trial Judge, it seems, according to the record before us, entertained the view that before the defendant could be credited with any payment on the obligation in question it would have to be established that the payment claimed was the exact money Fitzharris received on the Buck contract. By way of illustration, we quote the following questions propounded by his Honor to one of defendant’s witnesses, bookkeeper for Fitzharris, to wit: “Q. (The Court) : Do you know of your own knowledge that the exact $1,000.00 came out of the Buck money, that it paid a check for these people, the exact $1,000.00 came out of the $1,000.00 and something which you deposited which had been paid by Mr. Buck, and if so, how do you know that? You don’t know that of your own knowledge; all that you know is that you made a deposit at that time? A. Yes, sir. “Q. With the expectation that this other check would come in? A. It would offset that check that we gave to the Southern States Supply Company. “Q. But you don’t know whether the amount put in was the one that offset some other check that may have come in and got ahead of it, and came out of that amount. In other words, you were running a continuous account at the bank ? A. Yes, sir; we did. “Q. I am trying to get at how you know of your own knowledge that any certain amount put in the bank could *225 meet any certain check that comes in at another time? How do you know it of your own knowledge; you were receiving money each day and paying out money each day, or nearly every day in the year? A. Yes, sir.” The defendant offered and introduced testimony tending to show that Fitzharris made payment to the plaintiff for the material in question; that payment was made by check but paid, according to defendant’s contention, out of funds received on the Buck contract. Counsel for the defense offered as-witness on this line Mr. Fitzharris, his bookkeeper, Miss Davis, part of whose testimony we quoted above, and also an employee of the bank on which the check was drawn, and in which Fitzharris kept his account, and also introduced the ledger sheets of the bank which showed Fitzharris’ bank account. In this bank were deposited not only the funds collected by Fitzharris on account of the Buck contract, but also funds which he collected from other parties with whom he had contracts. Miss Davis, bookkeeper for Fitzharris, in the course of her testimony, testified to the amount collected on the Buck contract and deposited in said account, and also the amounts paid to the plaintiff out of said account from time to time. At least, testimony offered tended to prove such state of facts. Fitzharris purchased from the plaintiff material to be used in connection with contracts other than the Buck contract and, it seems, ran a general account with the plaintiff covering all goods purchased from time to time. It also appears that when remittances were made to the plaintiff by Fitzharris no instructions were given as to the application for same, but there seems to be no question that the checks in question were paid by the bank on which they were drawn, and that the plaintiff received the money therefor. Furthermore, while the transaction is not made absolutely clear by the testimony, one reasonable inference to be drawn from the testimony is that a sufficient amount of the money collected by Fitzharris on the Buck contract was transmitted by check *226 to the plaintiff to pay for a part, if not all, of the material furnished by the plaintiff on the Buck contract, and whatever amount of money the plaintiff received from this source, in our opinion, should be credited on the surety bond, so as to relieve the defendant to that extent. Section 173, Criminal Code 1922. This was the contention of the defendant in the lower Court. The following paragraph from the bond in question shows the condition' of the obligation: “Now, therefore, the condition of this obligation is such that if the principal shall faithfully perform the contract on his part, and satisfy all claims and demands incurred for the same, and shall fully indemnify and save harmless the owner from all cost and damage which he may suffer by reason of failure so to do, and shall fully reimburse and repay the owner all outlay and expense which the owner may incur in making good any such default, and shall pay all persons who have contracts directly with the principal for labor or materials, then this obligation shall be null and void; otherwise it shall remain in full force and effect.” The pertinent question involved, which arises under the above-quoted provision of the bond, is payment by Fitzharris to the plaintiff for the material furnished by the plaintiff on the Buck contract; it matters not from what source the money was procured, whether from the Buck contract or from some other lawful source; and, further, if the plaintiff secured money from Fitzharris, transmitted by whatever means, without instruction how or on what particular account to apply it, but it is later ascertained that it was paid out of funds received on the Buck contract, so far as the defendant is concerned, it should be credited on that account. It appears from the testimony introduced at the trial on the part of the plaintiff that the plaintiff made no effort to keep a separate account against Fitzharris for the material furnished on the Buck contract, but kept but one account against Fitzharris for all materials sold him, regardless of which contract the material was fur *227 nished for, and it clearly appears that the plaintiff furnished to Fitzharris material for several other contracts about the same time he furnished the material for the Buck contract, and which was all charged against Fitzharris in the same account. At least, this is a reasonable inference to be drawn from the testimony. All of this testimony on the part of the defendant the trial Judge struck out and granted the plaintiff’s motion for direction of a verdict. In our opinion, this was error. According to our view, the testimony raised an issue as to payment, which the jury should have been allowed to pass on. It is unnecessary to consider the other questions raised by the appellant. It is the judgment of this Court that the judgment of the County Court of Richland County be, and is hereby, reversed, and the case remanded for a new trial. Mr. Chiee Justice BlEase, and Mr. Justice Stabler concur. Messrs. Justices Cothran and Bonham concur in result.