Glover v. Western Union Tel. Co.

The opinion of the Court was delivered by Mr. Justice Jones. Plaintiff brought this action for damages, actual and punitive, for mental anguish caused by the failure of defendant to promptly deliver a telegram filed at its Atlanta office on the morning of March 27, 1904, announcing to plaintiff the critical illness of his son in Atlanta, Ga. • Defendant in its answer alleged that the telegram was transmitted to Aiken, S. C., as speedily as possible under the existing conditions that day; that the message was delivered promptly at plaintiff’s place of business, the Aiken Bottling Works, and was- receipted for there by the partner of plaintiff, one Royal; that the delivery sheet being signed “P. B. Glover,” defendant’s Aiken manager did not know until sometime afterwards that the telegram had not been actually received by Mr. Glover himself, as the signature on the delivery sheet indicated; that such delivery was proper and legal and that if there was any negligence, it was on the part of Royal in failing to promptly deliver to Glover the said message. The trial resulted in a verdict and judgment thereon in favor of plaintiff in the sum of five hundred dollars, from which defendant appeals. The message was filed' at defendant’s Atlanta office on March 27th between 9 :30 and 10' o’clock' a. m., central time, according tO’ testimony for plaintiff, and at 11 o’clock a. m., central time, according to testimony for defendant, and was transmitted to Aiken, S. C., through the Augusta relay office, reaching Aiken at 2 :25 p. m. When the message was delivered to the messenger boy, he, at 3 :10 the same afternoon, carried it to the store of Mr. Wesley Royal, who receipted for if in the name of “P. B. Glover.” Royal delivered the messáge to plaintiff a few minutes before eight o’clock next morning, March 28th. Plaintiff reached the bedside of his son in the hospital at Atlanta that night about *505 9 o’clock. Plaintiff’s son in a few weeks recovered from his illness. 1 The first exception is to the refusal to grant a new trial. The record does not disclose on what ground the motion for a new trial was made and, therefore, this exception cannot be considered. Pearlstine v. Insurance Company, 70 S. C., 75, 49 S. E., 4. 2 The second exception assigns error in some remarks made by the Court in the presence of the jury while ruling as to the admissibility of testimony. During the examination-in-chief plaintiff was asked this question by his counsel: “When you opened the telegram did that or not cause you mental pain and anguish ? A. It certainly did, there are no words to express my feelings. “Mr. Barrett: We object to that. The lcnowledege that his son was sick caused him anxiety, but the telegraph company did not make him sick and he is not suing us for transmitting the telegram giving the information which caused him anxiety. It was Providence made him sick, not the telegraph company. “The Court: The telegraph company is liable, not for Mr. Glover’s mental anxiety over the illness of his son, but for the failure of the telegraph company to give him1 sufficient notice to put himself in a position to minister to the sick son, and that is the thing that caused him the anxiety and that is the thing that would make the telegraph company liable. You can direct your questions to that point.” It is objected that the Court in stating that “The telegraph company is liable” expressed an opinion on the facts. This is not a charge on the facts in violation of the Constitution, but merely a remark made by the Court during the progress of the trial. State v. Marchbanks, 61 S. C., 17, 39 S. E., 187, and cases cited: State v. Thrailkill, 71 S. C., 143, 50 S. E., 551; Tinsley v. Telegraph Co., 72 S. C., 352. 51 S. E., 913; Willis v. Telegraph Co., 73 S. C., 379, 53 S. E., 639. *506 3 It is further objected that the Court erred in stating that the defendant was liable “for the failure of the telegraph company to give him sufficient notice to put himself ini position to minister to the sick son,” the error being that the complaint did not allege that the father could have ministered to his sick son, or that he was worried by not being able to minister to him-. We think the statement of the issue by the Court was fairly within the meaning of the allegations in the complaint “that when said telegram was received on March 28th, it was impossible for this plaintiff to reach his said dangerously ill son until late on the night of March 28th.” The whole context shows that the Court merely meant to limit plaintiff’s proof to such mental anguish as resulted from defendant’s negligence. 4 The third exception assigns error in not excluding testimony of Wesley Royal on cross-examination as to what the messenger boy said to him as to the contents of the telegram. Royal testified that when he asked the messenger boy if the telegram was about machinery, the boy said he thought it was. It is contended that the ruling was erroneous because it was not proven that the telegraph messenger had any authority to state the contents of the telegram, but that on the contrary it was shown he 'had no such authority, and that he is not supposed to know the contents of a telegram. The testimony was admissible not to show the contents of a telegram by the declarations of the messenger boy, but because the declaration accompanied the act of delivery to Royal and tended to explain it. The messenger boy being- authorized to deliver the message, whether the act of delivery to Royal was proper, or negligent, or in wilful disregard of duty, was a litigated matter and accompanying declarations were admissible as a part of the res gestae. Crawford v. Ry. Co., 56 S. C., 145, 34 S. E., 80. *507 5 *506 The defendant requested the Court to instruct the jury as follows: “Unless some direction to the contrary be given *507 •to the telegraph company, such company is authorized to deliver at the place of business of the sendee any telegram directed to him.” The instruction was given with this qualification: “But it must be delivered to the sendee’s hand or to a hand authorized expressly or impliedly to receive it for the sendee.” The defendant also requested the Court to instruct the jury: “If you find that the plaintiff, Mr. Glover, and Mr. Wesley Royal were in partnership and had a place of business, and that the telegam directed to the plaintiff was deliv.ered to Mr. Royal at such place of business, and he receipted therefor in the name of Mr. Glover, this would be sufficient to acquit the telegraph company of any negligence as to the delivery.”' This instruction was also given with the added words: “If you find Mr. Royal was authorized expressly or impliedly to receive the same for Mr. Glover.” The fourth and fifth exceptions charge error in so modifying defendant’s requests. The appellant fails to indicate wherein the action of the Circuit Court was erroneous and prejudicial and it is not apparent wherein the error consists. The duty which the telegraph company owes to' the addressee of a telegram is personal and is not fulfilled until reasonable diligence has been exercised to place it in his hands, and the jury must say whether such due diligence has been exercised. Western Union Tel. Co. v. Mitchell, 66 Am. St. Rep., 911. This duty to deliver personally is not as a matter of law fulfilled by a delivery to a third person at the place of business of the addressee, unless such person is authorized to receive such message. Possibly if the message related to a matter of business within the scope oí a partnership, a delivery of such a message to a partner of the addressee might, under certain circumstances, be regarded as the exercise of reasonable diligence. But there is no implication that one partner is authorized to open, receive or transmit telegrams relating to private and social matters of the other partner. It would have been error to have given the instructions requested and the modification was proper. *508 6 We next consider whether there was any evidence of a wilful failure of duty. This question is raised by the exception to the refusal to charge that there was no evidence that would warrant a verdict of punitive damages. The testimony was undisputed that defendant’s wires from Atlanta to Augusta were not in good working order on March 27th, due to causes over which the telegraph company had no control, hence the delay in transmission to Aiken may be regarded as fully explained. After the message reached .Aiken, there was a delay of more than sixteen hours before the message was put in the hands of the plaintiff. It is now well settled that long, unexplained delay in the delivery of a telegram, in the absence of undisputed evidence of effort to deliver, is sufficient to gO' to the jury on the question of punitive damages. Young v. Tel. Co., 65 S. C., 93, 48 S. E., 448; Machen v. Tel. Co., 72 S. C., 264, 51 S. E., 697; Willis v. Tel. Co., 73 S. C., 385, 53 S. E., 639; Roberts v. Tel. Co., 73 S. C., 520, 53 S. E., 935; Key v. Tel. Co., 76 S. C., 301; Dempsey v. Tel. Co., 77 S. C., 399; Todd v. Tel. Co., 77 S. C., 522. The question whether Royal was authorized to receive the message was squarely submitted to the jury under proper instructions, and the verdict of the jury involves a finding that Royal had no authority from plaintiff to receive the message. Was the delivery to such unauthorized person merely negligent, or was it in wanton disregard of duty? There was no evidence that defendant’s agent at Aiken, who gave the telegram to the messenger, had reason to believe Royal was a partner of Glover or authorized to receive his telegrams, nor was there any undisputed evidence that the messenger boy had reason to believe that Royal was author - izel to receive a message of such serious import. (Mr. Glover denied that there was any partnership at that time.) There was evidence, therefore, tending to show that the error in delivering the message to Royal, and his receipt of it, was the result of incorrect and misleading information as to the import and urgency of the message given by defend *509 ant’s agent. Mr. O. H. Holly, manager of the defendant company at Aiken, testified that one of the duties of a messenger boy was to help copy the messages, through a copying press, and that he would not ordinarily know the contents of a message unless he especially noticed. This tended to show that the messenger boy may have known the contents of the message. It was for the jury to say whether the delivery to Royal, under misleading information as to the contents of the message, was a mere inadvertence or was the result of a wilful disregard of duty. A telegraph company having delivered a message to a person not authorized by the sender or addressee to receive it, is responsible for the consequence of any delay by such person in delivering to the addressee, just as if such third person had been authorized by the company to deliver as its agent. Royal did not deliver the message until next morning, after a delay of fifteen or sixteen hours. He testified that after closing his store that night he passed plaintiff’s house on his way home at about 10 o’clock and called at the house to deliver the message, but no' one answered. The plaintiff and his wife were then in the house, and it seems were not aware of Mr. Royal’s call; but, assuming that Royal made an effort to deliver the message that night, it was only after a delay of about seven hours after it was placed in his hands. It may be a reasonable inference that Royal’s long delay was the result of ignorance as to the urgency of the telegram, but this ignorance may also have been, the result of the information defendant’s agent gave him concerning the message. On the whole, we think there was some evidence of misconduct in the delivery of this urgent message, so gross as to pass beyond mere negligence into a reckless and wanton disregard of defendant’s duty to plaintiff. The facts in this case more nearly resemble those in Machen v. Tel. Co., 72 S. C., 263, 51 S. E., 697, than those in Roberts v. Tel. Co., 73 S. C., 526, 53 S. E., 985. The exceptions are overruled and the judgment of the Circuit Court is affirmed.